Black scale insect ladybug
| Black scale insect ladybug | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Black scale insect ladybird |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Exochomus nigromaculatus | ||||||||||||
| ( Goeze , 1777) |
The black scale insect ladybird ( Exochomus nigromaculatus , Syn . : Exochomus flavipes ) is a beetle from the ladybird family , subfamily Chilocorinae.
features
The beetles reach a length of 3.2 to 4 millimeters and have a round, shiny body. The wing , pronotum and head are colored black, on the edge of the pronotum there are two orange-colored points, the points go up to the head. Freshly hatched animals are red, but take on their actual color after 24 hours.
Occurrence
The species is common in Europe . They only occur on dry heaths. In the Red Lists of the German federal states, the beetles are classified in category 2 as "highly endangered" and in category 3 as "endangered". The reason for this is the restriction of the ladybirds' habitats.
Lifestyle and diet
The black scale insect ladybirds are often solitary and only meet to mate with other beetles of their kind. The development from egg to adult beetle takes an average of 22.4 days under laboratory conditions at a temperature of 20 ° C, and decreases at 35 ° C this period averages 10.6 days. The entire life cycle is shortened at higher temperatures. The life expectancy of females of the black scale insect ladybird is on average 120.7 days at 20 ° C, and only 46.6 days at 35 ° C. Population growth is greatest at a temperature of 30 ° C.
The black scale insect ladybirds feed mainly on scale insects. The mealy plum aphid ( Hyalopterus pruni ), a species of the tube aphid family , also colonizes plants in the habitat of the black scale insect ladybird and serves as food. This plant louse also lives as a pest on plum and apricot trees . The black scale insect ladybird is therefore used in biological crop protection to combat these pests.
Systematics
The black scale insect ladybird belongs to the Chilocorini tribe within the subfamily Chilocorinae. Within the genus Exochomus it is counted to the subgenus Exochomus , i.e. to Exochomus in the narrower sense.
supporting documents
literature
- Karl Wilhelm Harde, Frantisek Severa: The Kosmos Käferführer. The Central European beetle. 5th edition, Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-440-10617-9 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Red list of ladybirds in the state of Saxony-Anhalt. (PDF; 69 kB) 2nd version, as of February 2004.
- ↑ R. Atlihan, MS Ozgokce: Development, fecundity and prey consumption of Exochomus nigromaculatus feeding onHyalopterus pruni . In: Phytoparasitica . tape 30 , no. 5 , October 2002, p. 443-450 , doi : 10.1007 / BF02979748 .
- ↑ Alireza Nazari: Study on survival rates of different stages of Exochomus nigromaculatus: (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) by using of mathematical curves . In: Proceedings of the 2nd WSEAS international conference on Computational chemistry . World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society (WSEAS), Stevens Point, Wisconsin, USA 2008, ISBN 978-960-474-036-9 , pp. 48-51 ( PDF ).
Web links
- Exochomus nigromaculatus at Fauna Europaea
- Exochomus nigromaculatus. Pictures and description (Dutch)