Naval Cadet Matt

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The sea ​​cadet mat - usually known in other languages ​​under the name Legalls Matt - describes an opening trap in chess that is based on a combination . In Richard Genée's operetta Der Seekadett from 1876, this game was performed as a live chess game , which is how it got its name.

Course of the combination

  a b c d e f G H  
8th Chess rdt45.svg Chess ndt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess qdt45.svg Chess kdt45.svg Chess bdt45.svg Chess ndt45.svg Chess rdt45.svg 8th
7th Chess pdt45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg 7th
6th Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess pdt45.svg 6th
5 Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg 5
4th Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess blt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess bdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg 4th
3 Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess nlt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess nlt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg 3
2 Chess plt45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess plt45.svg 2
1 Chess rlt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess blt45.svg Chess qlt45.svg Chess klt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess rlt45.svg 1
  a b c d e f G H  

White to move

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The diagram opposite shows a typical starting position for the midshipman Matt. It can arise from various initial moves. White then sacrifices his queen with the very strong move 5. Nf3 × e5 and ignores the pin in order to prepare for mate.

  a b c d e f G H  
8th Chess rdt45.svg Chess ndt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess qdt45.svg Chess kdt45.svg Chess bdt45.svg Chess ndt45.svg Chess rdt45.svg 8th
7th Chess pdt45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg 7th
6th Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess pdt45.svg 6th
5 Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess nlt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg 5
4th Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess blt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess bdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg 4th
3 Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess nlt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg 3
2 Chess plt45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess plt45.svg 2
1 Chess rlt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess blt45.svg Chess qlt45.svg Chess klt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess rlt45.svg 1
  a b c d e f G H  

Position after White's 5th move

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Capturing the white queen with 5.… Bg4 × d1 is followed by midshipman mate in two moves. The best move for Black would be 5.… d6 × e5. After 6. Qd1 × g4 White then only wins with an extra pawn and a better development.

With 6. Bc4 × f7 + the black king is put in check, to which there is only one possible answer, namely 6.… Ke8 – e7 . After 7. Nc3 – d5 # Black is mate.

  a b c d e f G H  
8th Chess rdt45.svg Chess ndt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess qdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess bdt45.svg Chess ndt45.svg Chess rdt45.svg 8th
7th Chess pdt45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess kdt45.svg Chess blt45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg 7th
6th Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess pdt45.svg 6th
5 Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess nlt45.svg Chess nlt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg 5
4th Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg 4th
3 Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg 3
2 Chess plt45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess plt45.svg 2
1 Chess rlt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess blt45.svg Chess bdt45.svg Chess klt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess rlt45.svg 1
  a b c d e f G H  

End position: black is matt

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Versions

The original version was played in Paris in the Café de la Régence by the French chess master Legall (also Légal) with the white pieces against the Chevalier de St. Brie, to whom he gave the lady's tower. Hence the name Légals Matt was used.

The dating of the historical part (sometime between 1750 and 1785) is uncertain. According to tradition, the following moves were played: 1. e2 – e4 e7 – e5 2. Bf1 – c4 d7 – d6 3. Ng1 – f3 Nb8 – c6 4. Nb1 – c3 Bc8 – g4 5. Nf3 × e5 Bg4 × d1 6. Bc4 × f7 + Ke8-e7 7. Nc3-d5 #. One flaw in this version is that instead of capturing the white queen on move five, Black could have won a piece with 5.… Nc6 × e5 , since Bg4 is covered by Ne5. But, as I said, White played a handicap game (without rook a1) and tried to take his weak opponent by surprise.

For teaching purposes, a more logical move order was given in later publications: 1. e2 – e4 e7 – e5 2. Ng1 – f3 d7 – d6 3. Bf1 – c4 Bc8 – g4 4. Nb1 – c3 h7 – h6 (or also g7 – g6) , with which the above diagram position is reached.

In a simultaneous game by Chéron from 1929, the moves 5. h3 Bh5 were switched on to defuse capturing with the knight on e5: 1. e2 – e4 e7 – e5 2. Ng1 – f3 Nb8 – c6 3. Bf1 – c4 d7 – d6 4. Nb1 – c3 Bc8 – g4 5. h2 – h3 Bg4 – h5 6. Nf3 × e5 Bh5 × d1 (here, too, Nc6 × e5 would be better, but after 7. Qd1 × h5 Ne5 × c4 8. Qh5 –B5 +! White wins the knight back and has won a pawn) 7. Bc4 × f7 + Ke8 – e7 8. Nc3 – d5 #.

A modified form of this trap occurred in a game won by Ernst Falkbeer in Vienna in 1847: 1. e2 – e4 e7 – e5 2. Ng1 – f3 Nb8 – c6 3. d2 – d4 e5 × d4 4. c2 -C3 d4 × c3 5. Nb1 × c3 d7-d6 6. Bf1-c4 Bc8-g4 7. 0-0 Sc6-e5 8. Nf3 × e5 Lg4 × d1 9. Bc4 × f7 + Ke8-e7 10. Sc3-d5 #.

This mate picture can also occur with swapped colors: 1. e2 – e4 Ng8 – f6 2. Nb1 – c3 d7 – d5 3. e4 × d5 c7 – c6 4. d5 × c6 Nb8 × c6 5. d2 – d3 e7– e5 6. Bc1-g5 Bf8-c5 7. Nc3-e4 Nf6 × e4 8. Bg5 × d8 Bc5 × f2 + 9. Ke1-e2 Nc6-d4 #.

See also

Remarks

  1. ↑ Ludwig Bachmann : The game of chess and its historical development. Leipzig and Berlin 1924 (reprint Leipzig 1980), p. 36.
  2. ^ George Walker: A Selection of Games at Chess, Actually Played by Philidor and His Contemporaries. London 1835, p. 91.

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