Secondary process

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In psychoanalytic literature, secondary processes are all processes that establish a relationship between the preconscious and conscious and are thus oriented towards the requirements of reality. In accordance with the reality principle , an adequate examination of the environment should be made possible in this way. While the reality principle is a purely conceptual and ideal-type construction, which can show considerable differences in individual cases, the secondary process is each specific empirical observation ( protocol statements ). Such specific findings are z. B. possible through the empirical observation of the child's developmental stages. While secondary processes require more mature developmental stages, primary processes are more likely to be found in the early and immature developmental stages of the child. - The terms pleasure principle and reality principle rather describe the subjective side of the effect principle, whereas the terms primary process and secondary process try to represent an objective description of the laws. Freud first described these phenomena as secondary processes . Even if the terms primary process and secondary process are opposed, they complement each other in most psychological processes. They are therefore to be understood as complementary . As psychological models, they are the expression and result of Freud's first topical theory, who differentiated between the systems Bw (consciousness) and Vbw ( the preconscious ) on the one hand and the system Ubw ( the unconscious ) on the other. Secondary processes are effective in the system Bw and Vbw, primary processes in the system Ubw.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Primary processes. In: Wilhelm Karl Arnold et al. (Ed.): Lexicon of Psychology . Bechtermünz, Augsburg 1996, ISBN 3-86047-508-8 , volume 2, column 1680.
  2. ↑ Primary processes. In: Uwe Henrik Peters : Lexicon of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Medical Psychology . Urban & Fischer, Munich 6 2007; ISBN 978-3-437-15061-6 , pp. 418f. (on-line)
  3. ↑ Sigmund Freud : The Interpretation of Dreams . (1900) Collected Works, Volume II / III, S. Fischer, Frankfurt a. M., the following page references based on the paperback edition of the Fischer library, Aug. 1966; Re. "Definition of the secondary process": Chap. VII. On the psychology of dream processes, p. 489.
  4. ↑ Mario Erdheim : The social production of unconsciousness. An introduction to the ethno-psychoanalytical process. suhrkamp pocket book science 456, Frankfurt a. M., 2 1988, ISBN 3-518-28065-1 , pp. 209ff.