Severus of Antioch
Severus of Antioch (Greek Severos ; * around 456 in Sozopolis ( Pisidia ), † February 8, 538 in Xois , Egypt) was an important late antique theologian and the first Monophysite patriarch of Antioch . He is considered a saint and teacher of the Syrian Orthodox Church .
Severus came from a wealthy, possibly pagan family. He studied rhetoric and grammar in Alexandria and law in Beirut . He was baptized in Tripoli in 488 and after 491 a monk in the monastery of Peter the Iberian in Maiuma near Gaza, against 500 priests and Archimandrite . He was sent to Constantinople by the monks devoted to him in 508 to protest against their persecution by the Chalcedonians (followers of the Council of Chalcedon ), stayed at the court for three years and won the trust of the emperor Anastasios I. Severus helped to overthrow the Chalcedonians Patriarchs of Constantinople and Antioch.
With the help of Philoxenus of Mabbug 512 he was finally elected and consecrated as the successor to the overthrown Patriarch Flavianus of Antioch . In Antioch he held this office until 518, after which he officiated abroad in exile.
After the reign of Emperor Justin I began , Severus fled to Egypt in 518, where he worked as the leader of the opponents of the Chalcedonies until his death. In 535 he was invited by Emperor Justinian I to negotiations in Constantinople, where he temporarily succeeded in restoring Monophysitism with the help of Empress Theodora I. In 536 he was convicted again and went into exile, where he died.
The writings of Severus, who wrote several polemicals, were also banned. However, they are known in Syrian translation.
Source edition
- Marc-Antoine Kugener (Ed.): Vie de Sévère par Zacharie le Scholastique (= Patrologia Orientalis , Vol. 2). Paris 1903
literature
- Frédéric Alpi: La route royale = (ὁδος βασιλική): Sévère d'Antioche et les Églises d'Orient (512-518) . Beyrouth, Institut français du Proche-Orient , 2009, 2 vol., ISBN 978-2-35159-154-3 .
- Elżbieta Szabat: Severos of Antioch. In: Paweł Janiszewski, Krystyna Stebnicka, Elżbieta Szabat: Prosopography of Greek Rhetors and Sophists of the Roman Empire. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2015, ISBN 978-0-19-871340-1 , p. 333.
- Iain R. Torrance: Severus of Antioch . In: Theologische Realenzyklopädie (TRE). Volume 31, de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2000, ISBN 3-11-016657-7 , pp. 184-186.
Web links
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| --- |
Patriarch of Antioch 513-518 |
Paul II |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Severus of Antioch |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Severus of Antioch |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | important late antique theologian and the first Monophysite patriarch of Antioch |
| DATE OF BIRTH | at 456 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Sozopolis ( Pisidia ) |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 8, 538 |
| Place of death | Xois , Egypt |