Shatuo

Liu Zhiyuan (劉 知 遠), also Emperor Gaozu of the later Han Dynasty, was a Shatuo Turk

The Shatuo (Chinese: 沙陀; pinyin: shātuó or Shatuo Turks Chinese: 沙陀 突厥; pinyin: shātuó tūjué, also: Shato ) were a Turkic people and clan who strongly influenced the politics of northern China from the ninth century to the tenth century. They are known for establishing three of the five dynasties and one of the kingdoms during the time of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms . They were the Turkish part of the Ashina clan.

Origin and language

The Shatuo clan descends from the aristocratic ruling class of the Turkic peoples . Her clan was known for skilled tacticians and well-trained warriors. They are descendants of the Aschina, the Gök Turks and the Tschigil from the Altai region and today's Kyrgyzstan .

They spoke a variant of Old Turkish , but later adopted the language of the Han Chinese , Chinese .

Culture

The Shatuo followed the ancient culture of the Gök Turks . Their religion was Tengrism , an animistic , shamanistic and polytheistic religion with a well-developed ancestral cult .

The Shatuo pursued a strict Sinization and united their religion with the Chinese folk belief . This combination was so easy because both religions practiced ancestral cult and animistic aspects and different gods and rituals could be easily adapted.

Established dynasties

The Shatuo founded the following dynasties in China:

• The Yan Dynasty
• The later Tang Dynasty
• The later Jin Dynasty
• The later Han Dynasty
• The Northern Han Dynasty

Furthermore, a large number of generals of the Tang Dynasty , the Sui Dynasty of other dynasties were of Turkic origin.

However, all of these dynasties are Sinised , that is, shaped by Han Chinese . The Shutao, like many other Turkic peoples, assimilated themselves voluntarily and adopted the Chinese language , Chinese names and their culture and way of life and thus became part of the Han.

Shatuo surnames

• Li (李)
• Zhu-Ye (朱 耶)
• Zhu (朱)
• Sha-Jin (沙金)
• Sha (沙)
• Liu (刘)

See also

• Five dynasties and ten empires
• Tang Dynasty

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Zuev Yu.A., "Horse Tamgas from Vassal Princedoms (Translation of Chinese composition" Tanghuyao "of 8-10th centuries)" , Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences, Alma-Ata, 1960, p. 127 (In Russian)
2. ↑ Гумилев Л. Н. Хунну в Китае. IX. Огни гаснут. Retrieved September 6, 2018 . 
3. ↑ Yu. Zuev, "Early Türks: Sketches of history and ideology", Almaty, Daik-Press, 2002, p. 8th,
4. ↑ Ulrich Theobald: Shatuo Türks 沙陀 突厥 (www.chinaknowledge.de). Retrieved September 6, 2018 . 
5. ↑ Ulrich Theobald: Shatuo Türks 沙陀 突厥 (www.chinaknowledge.de). Retrieved September 6, 2018 .