Sheng Shicai

Sheng Shicai (also Sheng Shi-ts'ai, Chinese 盛世才 , Pinyin Shèng Shìcái , * 1897 in Kaiyuan ; † July 13, 1970 ) was a Manchu warlord in the Republic of China and from April 12, 1933 to August 29, 1944 De facto governor of Xinjiang .

He initially served the Guominjun . He was sent to Xinjiang in 1930 to work for Jin Shuren . In 1933 he suppressed the Kumul uprising with Soviet support, but in return had to sign various treaties that largely granted the USSR control of Xinjiang. Sheng's Soviet advisers ensured that the word Uighurs was used in the politics of the provincial authorities.

At Stalin's request, Sheng joined the CPSU in August 1938 . In Xinjiang itself he founded the Anti-Imperialist League in 1935, which is said to have 10,000 members by 1939.

Xinjiang was part of China, but most political affairs were handled through the Soviet consulate in Dihua (now Urumqi). Sheng's rule was marked by the oppression and torture of the Uighur and Kazakh minorities.

In a treaty in 1940, Sheng granted the Soviet Union the exclusive right to mine the tin and other non-ferrous metals as well as the oil deposits of Tushantzu. The Soviets were withdrawn from the oil plant in 1943 due to the war.

When Sheng believed that the Soviet Union would be defeated in World War I in 1942, he turned against them, dismissed the Soviet advisors and had many communists executed (such as Mao Zemin ) in the hope of winning over the Kuomintang . In 1943 he placed his province under the Kuomintang National Government. In August 1944 he was dismissed as governor.

On September 11, 1944, he became Minister of Agriculture and Forestry of the Republic of China . After the Chinese Civil War , he fled to Taiwan and lived there for the rest of his life.

literature

Bruno De Cordier: International aid, frontier securitization and social engineering: Soviet-Xinjiang development cooperation during the Governorate of Sheng Shicai (1933-44) , in: Central Asian Affairs, Vol. 3 (2016), pp. 49-76. Available here.
Karl Grobe: Learn from the West, stay Chinese: cadres and commune farmers, lamas and students. Eichborn Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1982, ISBN 3-8218-1101-3 .

Web links

Commons : Sheng Shicai - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ Bruno De Cordier: International aid, frontier securitization and social engineering: Soviet-Xinjiang development cooperation during the Governorate of Sheng Shicai (1933-44) , in: Central Asian Affairs, Vol. 3 (2016), pp. 49-76 ( here: p. 61).
↑ Rémi Castets: Le nationalisme ouïghour au Xinjiang: expressions identitaires et politiques d'un mal-être , in: Perspectives chinoises, vol. 78 (2003), fn. 5.
^ Eva-Maria Stolberg: Stalin and the Chinese Communists, 1945–1953: A study on the history of the origins of the Soviet-Chinese alliance against the background of the Cold War . Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-515-07080-X , p. 117 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

personal data
SURNAME	Sheng, Shicai
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Sheng, Shi-ts'ai; 盛世才 (Chinese); Shèng, Shìcái (Pinyin)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Chinese warlord
DATE OF BIRTH	July 13, 1897
PLACE OF BIRTH	Kaiyuan
DATE OF DEATH	July 13, 1970

[1] Bruno De Cordier: International aid, frontier securitization and social engineering: Soviet-Xinjiang development cooperation during the Governorate of Sheng Shicai (1933-44) , in: Central Asian Affairs, Vol. 3 (2016), pp. 49-76 ( here: p. 61).

[2] Rémi Castets: Le nationalisme ouïghour au Xinjiang: expressions identitaires et politiques d'un mal-être , in: Perspectives chinoises, vol. 78 (2003), fn. 5.

[3] Eva-Maria Stolberg: Stalin and the Chinese Communists, 1945–1953: A study on the history of the origins of the Soviet-Chinese alliance against the background of the Cold War . Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-515-07080-X , p. 117 ( limited preview in Google Book search).