Silicate perovskite

Silicate perovskites are magnesium - iron - calcium - silicates with a perovskite structure , which are only formed at pressures of over 24 gigapascals (or 236,000 atmospheres ) and as deep rocks ( plutonites ) make up about 80% of the lower earth's mantle .

Silicate perovskites occur deep in the earth's interior as magnesium iron silicate and calcium silicate and can also contain a few percent by mass of aluminum. The chemical composition of the magnesium iron silicate is probably close to the Mg-rich end of the Mg-Fe mixed series, which has been officially called Bridgmanite since 2014 . In 2018, a CaSiO ₃ perovskite was found in a diamond from the South African Cullinan kimberlite mine.

Bridgmanite

Bridgmanite is considered to be the most abundant mineral on earth - more than a third of the earth's volume is said to consist of this mineral. However, it is not found on the surface of the earth. It was first found in 2014 in the Tenham meteorite , which fell near Tenham Station in Queensland , Australia in 1879. The mineral is named after the Nobel laureate in physics, Percy Bridgman .

properties

In 2008 it was found that silicate perovskites are permeable to optical light and thermal radiation even at high pressure , so that the heat flow from the earth's core into the earth's mantle is high and the temperature at a depth of 2900 km is more than 4000 ° C than 3000 ° C.

Web links

Ralf Nestler: A tour of hell to the core of the earth? Better to Mars then! . Zeit Online, April 9, 2013.
The mystery of the earth's belly remains unsolved by innovation reports.
Kei Hirose: RESEARCH / 254: The unknown building block of the earth (spectrum of science)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Ellie Zolfagharifard: Bridgmanite, Earth's most abundant mineral, is captured for the first time ... on a meteorite. Daily Mail Online, December 2, 2014, accessed December 2, 2014 .
↑ Diffusion at a snail's pace. Science publication on processes in the lower mantle. (No longer available online.) Friedrich Schiller University Jena, March 2006, archived from the original on May 25, 2014 ; Retrieved May 21, 2013 .
↑ F. Nestola, N. Korolev, M. Kopylova, N. Rotiroti, DG Pearson, MG Pamato, M. Alvaro, L. Peruzzo, JJ Gurney, AE Moore, J. Davidson: CaSiO3 perovskite in diamond indicates the recycling of oceanic crust into the lower mantle. In: Nature. 555, 2018, pp. 237–241, doi : 10.1038 / nature25972 .
^ Bridgmanite. Mindat, accessed December 2, 2014 .
↑ A cosmic grain of truth. Young researcher Dr. Christian Vollmer from Goethe University receives the Klaus Tschira Prize for Comprehensible Science 2009. October 9, 2009, archived from the original on April 25, 2016 ; Retrieved May 21, 2013 .
^ Mineral Named After Nobel Physicist. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union Vol. 95, no. June 23, 2014; Archived from the original on December 3, 2014 ; accessed on December 2, 2014 .
↑ Ursula Kueffner: How hot is it inside the earth? Researchers at the Bavarian Geo-Institute publish new findings in “Science” / Temperatures at the core-mantle boundary at a depth of 2900 km are closer to 4000 ˚C. In: innovations report. IDEA TV Gesellschaft für kommunikative Unternehmensbetreuung mbH, December 5, 2008, accessed on May 21, 2013 .

[Ellie_Zolfagharifard-1] Ellie Zolfagharifard: Bridgmanite, Earth's most abundant mineral, is captured for the first time ... on a meteorite. Daily Mail Online, December 2, 2014, accessed December 2, 2014 .

[uni-jena.de-2] Diffusion at a snail's pace. Science publication on processes in the lower mantle. (No longer available online.) Friedrich Schiller University Jena, March 2006, archived from the original on May 25, 2014 ; Retrieved May 21, 2013 .

[3] F. Nestola, N. Korolev, M. Kopylova, N. Rotiroti, DG Pearson, MG Pamato, M. Alvaro, L. Peruzzo, JJ Gurney, AE Moore, J. Davidson: CaSiO3 perovskite in diamond indicates the recycling of oceanic crust into the lower mantle. In: Nature. 555, 2018, pp. 237–241, doi : 10.1038 / nature25972 .

[4] Bridgmanite. Mindat, accessed December 2, 2014 .

[Meteorit-5] A cosmic grain of truth. Young researcher Dr. Christian Vollmer from Goethe University receives the Klaus Tschira Prize for Comprehensible Science 2009. October 9, 2009, archived from the original on April 25, 2016 ; Retrieved May 21, 2013 .

[6] Mineral Named After Nobel Physicist. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union Vol. 95, no. June 23, 2014; Archived from the original on December 3, 2014 ; accessed on December 2, 2014 .

[Kueffner-7] Ursula Kueffner: How hot is it inside the earth? Researchers at the Bavarian Geo-Institute publish new findings in “Science” / Temperatures at the core-mantle boundary at a depth of 2900 km are closer to 4000 ˚C. In: innovations report. IDEA TV Gesellschaft für kommunikative Unternehmensbetreuung mbH, December 5, 2008, accessed on May 21, 2013 .