Singhasari
Singhasari was a kingdom on Java that existed from 1222 to 1292. It replaced the Kediri Empire and formed the basis for the Majapahit Empire that emerged in 1293 . Therefore, despite its short duration, Singhasari is considered a very important epoch in the history of Java.
The trigger for the beginning of the new empire was Ken Angrok , who came from the lower nobility , who conquered the Kediri empire in 1222 and moved the capital to Singhasari, near present-day Malang . Married to Ken Dedes , the wife of the slain last ruler of Kediri, he was killed a few years later by one of their sons from their first marriage. Ken Dedes' descendants formed the Singhasari dynasty.
The last ruler of the dynasty, Kertanagara , who ruled from 1268 to 1292, laid the foundations for the later kingdom of Majapahit, among other things by receiving the agricultural taxes directly from him. This created the prerequisites for later centralization . He expanded the sea trade and expanded Singhasari's influence beyond Java. With the Pamalayu expedition in 1275, the ports of Palembang and Jambi were made tributary as remnants of the once great Srivijaya . Kertanagara was a follower of both Tantric Buddhism and the Hindu Bhairava sect. This Hindu-Buddhist syncretism later became a characteristic of Majapahit.
Kertanagara's expansion policy brought him increasingly into conflict with the Mongolian Yuan dynasty , which had ruled over the Chinese Empire since 1279 . He refused to pay tribute to Kublai Khan , and when he mutilated an emperor's envoy and sent it back to China in 1289, it led to war. Shortly before the Mongol invasion of Java , which began in 1292 , Kertanagara was overthrown and killed along with a priest. This happened while he was performing tantric rites in the capital's temple complex, Candi Singosari . His son-in-law Raden Wijaya was able to end the usurpation with Mongolian support and then repel the invasion in 1293. Under the ruler's name Kertarajasa he became the founder of the Majapahit dynasty.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Fritz Schulze: Brief history of Indonesia: From the island kingdoms to the modern state. CH Beck, Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-4066-8152-3 , pp. 26, 27
- ^ Fritz Schulze: Brief history of Indonesia: From the island kingdoms to the modern state. CH Beck, Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-4066-8152-3 , pp. 27, 28
- ^ Ann R. Kinney, Marijke J. Klokke, Lydia Kieven: Worshiping Siva and Buddha: The Temple Art of East Java . University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu 2003, ISBN 0-8248-2779-1 , p. 137
- ^ Fritz Schulze: Brief history of Indonesia: From the island kingdoms to the modern state. CH Beck, Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-4066-8152-3 , pp. 28, 29