Sironidae

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Sironidae
Siro sp.

Siro sp.

Systematics
Sub-stem : Jawbearers (Chelicerata)
Class : Arachnids (arachnida)
Order : Harvestmen (Opiliones)
Subordination : Cyphophthalmi
Superfamily : Temperophthalmi
Family : Sironidae
Scientific name
Sironidae
Simon , 1879

Sironidae are a family of the harvestmen (Opiliones). In Central Europe it is represented with only two types. Siro carpaticus , Rafalski 1956, was found in Poland and Slovakia, and Siro duricorius (Joseph, 1868) in Austria and Slovenia. More than 30 species have been described worldwide, the range of which points to Mesozoic Laurasia . They are distributed worldwide, with the exception of Asia, but with occurrence in Turkey. The name part Siron is the Latinized form of Ciron , a French region.

features

Sironids have a 1 to 2.5 mm small body without eyes. They are yellowish, orange, red, or black. The scutum of the front and back of the body is fused to form the scutum completum (completely fused tergites ). The back is furrowed with granular flakes. In the rear area a middle hill rises, the ozophore is oriented sideways. The jaws ( chelicerae ) are robust and dentate with one type of teeth, while the base limb is mostly smooth. Except for the expression of the anal region, there is no pronounced sexual dimorphism.

The male members of this family have complex glandular organs in the skin of the tarsus of the fourth leg. The various proteins from the glands are collected from a system of channels and the (defense) secretion is transported to the surface of the tarsus. Isolated exits are scattered over the entire skin (epidermis) of the tarsus.

Genera

Distribution area

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Blick, T. & C. Komposch (2004): Checklist of Harvesters in Central and Northern Europe. Checklist of the harvestmen of Central and Northern Europe. (Arachnida: Opiliones). Version December 27, 2004. - Archived copy ( memento of the original from December 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / arages.de
  2. ^ Joel Hallan: Sironidae Catalog, Hosted at the Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, last updated 2008
  3. ↑ a b c d Pinto-da-Rocha, Machado, Giribet, 2007: Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press ISBN 0-674-02343-9
  4. ↑ a b c Jochen Martens, 1978: Weberknechte, Opiliones. The animal world of Germany, part 64. VEB G. Fischer, Jena.
  5. ↑ Jochen Martens, 1979: Fine structure of the tarsal gland by Siro duricovius (Joseph) (Opiliones, Sironidae). Zoomorphology 92, 77-93.

literature

  • Sarah Boyer, I. Karaman, and G. Giribet. "The Family Sironidae (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) in Europe: a phylogenetic approach to Eastern Mediterranean biogeography" Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36.3 (2005): 554-567.