Slichot

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Slichot (or Selichot or S'lichot, asking for forgiveness, Hebrew סְלִיחוֹת; Plural of Hebrew סְלִיחָה, Selicha , Forgiveness) are Jewish liturgical poems and prayers of penance and repentance on the high holidays such as Atonement Day ( Yom Kippur ), New Year's Day ( Rosh Hashanah ) and the days of fasting . Here they are placed before the morning prayer ( Shacharit ). The 13 Divine Attributes of Mercy ( Middot HaRachamim Hebrew מִידוֹת הרַחֲמִים) according to Ex 34,6-7  ELB form a central topic.

Categories of the Slichot

In the Ashkenazi tradition, the Slichot are divided into different categories according to their content:

  • S'lichah ( Hebrew סְלִיחָה; "Forgiveness")
  • Pismon ( Hebrew פִּזְמוֹן; Refrain piece, antistrophe ), hence: Selicha with refrain
  • Akedah ( Hebrew עֲקִידָה)
  • Chatanu ( Hebrew חָטָאֲנוּ; "we have sinned"). They are in front of the "Widduj" ( Hebrew וִדּוּי; Confession of sin) especially on the day of atonement. After every second or third stanza they have the refrain: Hebrew חָטָאנוּ צוּרֵנוּ סְלַח לָנוּ יוֹצְרֵנוּ, "We have sinned, our rock, forgive us, our Creator".
  • Techinah ( Hebrew תְּחִנָּה; "Intercession.")

  • Slicha text (8th-9th century)

  • Yom Kippur liturgy with selected Selichot (Munich 1908)

  • Shaarei Tshuva, Livorno 1888

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See e.g. B. Elbogen 1931, p. 228ff (also available from Google Books ).
  2. ↑ See e.g. B. already Leopold Zunz : The synagogal poetry of the Middle Ages , Julius Springer, Berlin 1855, 88 et passim.
  3. ↑ See e.g. B. Elbogen 1931, p. 228 (also available from Google Books ).
  4. ↑ See e.g. B. Elbogen 1931, p. 228f; on the origin of the refrain Zunz 1855, 90.

literature

  • Ronald L. Eisenberg: The JPS guide to Jewish traditions , Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2004, ISBN 978-0-8276-0882-5 , pp. 178ff.
  • Ismar Elbogen : The Jewish worship service in its historical development , Fock, Leipzig 1913 ( digitized archive.org ); Frankfurt / M. 2nd edition 1924 ( digitized UB Frankfurt ); 3rd edition 1931 (reprint Olms, Hildesheim et al. 1995), p. 221ff et passim. (also available on Google Books )
  • Leo Prijs : Major works of Hebrew literature: individual representations and interpretations of the Bible and Talmud to Zionist modernity , Kindler, Munich 1978, p. 67.
  • Arnold Rosenberg: Jewish Liturgy as a Spiritual System , Rowman & Littlefield, Oxford 1997, ISBN 1461629144 , pp. 104ff.

Web links

Commons : Slichot  - collection of images, videos and audio files