Solemya

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Solemya
Solemya elarraichensis

Solemya elarraichensis

Systematics
Class : Mussels (Bivalvia)
Subclass : Protobranchia
Order : Solemyida
Superfamily : Solemyoidea
Family : Shellfish (Solemyidae)
Genre : Solemya
Scientific name
Solemya
Lamarck , 1818

Solemyia is the eponymous genus of the family of solemyidae (Solemyidae) from the order of the Solemyida .

features

The moderately to severely inflated (thick) housings of the Solemya species, which have the same flaps, are elongated-egg-shaped with elongated-elliptical housings or have housings with largely parallel ventral and dorsal edges (rounded, rectangular). They are rounded at the back and front and have a gap at both the back and the front end. They are moderately to strongly unequal with small and almost colliding vertebrae shifted towards the posterior end . The maximum length is 5.5 cm. There is no lunula , but the area is comparatively large. The edge of the case is quite sharp and is formed by the periostracum protruding far beyond the mineral shell . The ligament lies internally between and behind the vertebrae. A ligament carrier (chondrophore) is formed internally, occasionally supported by a radial rib. The lock is toothless.

The whitish shell is thin and fragile and consists of two aragonitic layers as well as the comparatively thick organic periostracum that adheres firmly to the mineral shell . The inner aragonitic layer consists of mother-of-pearl plates, the outer aragonitic layer consists of simple, long, radial prisms. The periostracum is red-brown with dark or greenish radial bands. The surface (of the periostracum) is smooth and shiny. Some species have broad radial ribs separated by narrow and flat strips.

The two sphincters are unequal in size; the anterior is significantly larger than the posterior sphincter. The surface line is not indented, often overgrown and indistinct. The water flows in through the front end.

Geographical distribution and way of life

The species of the genus Solemya are distributed worldwide in warmer seas. The yellow mussel ( Solemya togata ) penetrates as far as Portugal and the Mediterranean. Solemya borealis occurs in the western Atlantic up to the height of Connecticut. They live in rather shallower sea areas (tidal range up to about 600 meters water depth) in sediments with a high proportion of organic material, which are often low in oxygen and rich in hydrogen sulfide.

Many (all?) Species of the genus Solemya feed on chemoautotrophic, sulfide-oxidizing bacteria in the gill tissue. Some species also use mouth rags to collect detritus and microorganisms from the sediment surface.

Taxonomy

The genus Solemya was established in 1818 by Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck . The type species is Solemya mediterranea Lamarck, 1818, a more recent synonym of Tellina togata Poli, 1795. The World Register of Marine Species and the Paleobiology Datase assign the following recent and fossil species to the genus Solemya :

The genus Solemya is currently divided into six subgenera Solemya (Solemya) , Solemya (Austrosolemya) Taylor et., 2008, Solemya (Petrasma) Dall, 1908, Solemya (Solemyarina) Iredale, Solemya (Pseudacharax) Huber, 2010 and Solemya (Zesolemya) Iredale , Divided in 1939. Not all species can yet be assigned to one of these sub-genera. Zesolemya Iredale, 1939 is also listed as an independent genre by some authors. The World Register of Marine Species records the younger synonym Stephanopus Scacchi, 1836, as well as the unauthorized emendations or incorrect spelling of Solenimya Bowdich, 1822, Solenomya Children, 1823, Solenymia Swainson, 1840 and Solenymya Schaufuss, 1869.

supporting documents

literature

  • Markus Huber: Compendium of bivalves. 901 S., Hackenheim, ConchBooks, 2010 ISBN 978-3-939767-28-2
  • S. Peter Dance, Rudo von Cosel (arrangement of the German edition): The great book of sea shells. 304 p., Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 1977 ISBN 3-8001-7000-0 (p. 223)
  • Gennady M. Kamenev: North Pacific species of the genus Solemya Lamarck, 1818 (Bivalvia: Solemyidae), with notes of Acharax johnsoni (Dall, 1891). Malacologia, 51 (2): 233-261, 2009 PDF
  • Raymond Cecil Moore (Ed.): Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Mollusca, 6, Bivalvia 1. XXXVIII, 489 pp., New York, 1969 (pp. N242 / 3).
  • Fritz Nordsieck : The European sea shells (Bivalvia). From the Arctic Ocean to Cape Verde, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. 256 p., Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1969 (p. 15)
  • John D. Taylor, Emily A. Glover, Suzanne T. Williams: Ancient chemosynthetic bivalves: systematics of Solemyidae from eastern and southern Australia (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, Nature, 54 (1): 75–104, 2008. PDF (11.3 MB)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rudolf Kilias: Lexicon marine mussels and snails. 2nd edition, 340 p., Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1997 ISBN 3-8001-7332-8 (p. 288/9)
  2. ↑ Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de Lamarck: Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres ... précédée d'une introduction offrant la détermination des caractères essentiels de l'animal, sa distinction du végétal et des autres corps naturels, enfin, l ' exposure of the principes fondamentaux de la zoologie. Tome 5, 612 S., Paris Deterville, 1818. Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 485)
  3. ^ A b World Register of Marine Species: Solemya Lamarck, 1818
  4. ^ Paleobiology Database: Solemya Lamarck 1818
  5. ↑ a b Didier Merle (coord.): Le contenu paléontologique du Lutétien du bassin de Paris. Stratotype Lutétien. 105 p., Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris & Biotope, Mèze & BRGM, Orléans, 2008 PDF
  6. ↑ a b c d Yasumitsu Kanie: Review of the family Solemyidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from Japan, and description of the new species. Science Report of the Yokosuka City Museum, 49: 49-60, 2002, ISSN  0513-2622 (only viewed abstract)
  7. ^ William Healey Dall: A revision of the Solenomyacidae. The Nautilus, 22: 1-2, 1908

Web links

Commons : Solemya  - collection of images, videos and audio files