Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives
The Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives is the chairman of the New Zealand House of Representatives , its chairperson, communicative interface to the British crown and host of the Parliament . The position of speaker holds the country's third highest constitutional office after the governor general and the prime minister . The speaker represents the house internationally and towards important guests. His role is similar to that of the President of Parliament .
history
The role of the speaker was defined with the establishment of the House of Representatives as a House of Commons based on the British model on the basis of the New Zealand Constitution Act in 1852. New Zealand was given the right to self-government and thus had the opportunity to elect its own representatives for its parliament and the possibility of forming its own government. At its first session of the House of Representatives on May 26, 1854, the then 41-year-old politician Charles Clifford was elected the House's first speaker . He should have been the youngest ever elected chairman of the house to this day. After Clifford lost the office in 1860 due to another majority in the house, he went back to England, but remained so attached to the office that he gave the house a mace (scepter) for the speaker and designed special clothes for the official.
Role of the speaker
The speaker is a member of the House of Representatives who is elected by general election . In its constituent session of the newly elected House of Representatives, the speaker is elected from among the parliamentarians by majority vote. Then the elected goes to the governor general and is sworn in there . Shortly before 2:00 p.m. on every session of the House of Representatives, the speaker , like a ceremony, walks from his office to the boardroom, takes his elevated chair and opens the House session with the mace . The speaker gives the right to speak, calls to violent debaters to order and is always addressed by the parliamentarians as Mr. Speaker . The speaker has the right to exclude members who do not abide by the rules of the house from the meetings for 7 days, for 28 days or even for the rest of the year in serious cases. However, his decision must always be confirmed by the house. However, you cannot completely exclude a member of parliament.
The speaker also determines the seating arrangements in the house, with the ruling party traditionally sitting on the speaker's right and the leading opposition party on the left.
Since the reform of the New Zealand constitution through the Constitution Act 1986 , the responsibilities of the speaker in New Zealand have been expanded. Since then he has also chaired three committees
- the Business Committee (committee for business matters, here procedural questions),
- the Standing Orders Committee (committee for the rules of procedure, here procedural questions),
- and the Officers of Parliament Committee (Committee on Furnishing the Auditor’s Office , Parliamentary Commissioner for Furnishing Parliament and the Ombudsman ).
Also in the Parliamentary Service Commission (Commission for the parliamentary service) has Speaker in the chair.
List of Speakers of the New Zealand House of Representatives
| No. | Surname | Honors | Political party | Term of office | comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Charles Clifford (1813-1893) | Knight Batchelor, Baron | 1854-1860 |
at the age of 41 the youngest speaker the House of Representatives has ever had | |
| 2. | David Monro (1813–1877) | 1861-1870 |
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| 3. | Francis Dillon Bell (1822–1898) | KCMG | 1871-1875 |
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| 4th | William Fitzherbert (1810-1891) | KCMG | 1876-1879 |
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| 5. | George Maurice O'Rorke (1830-1916) | Liberal party | 1894-1902 |
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| 6th | William Jukes Steward (1841-1912) | Liberal party | 1891-1893 |
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| 7th | Arthur Robert Guinness (1846-1913) | Liberal party | 1903-1913 |
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| 8th. | Frederic William Lang (1852-1937) | Reform Party | 1913-1922 |
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| 9. | Charles Ernest Statham (1875-1946) | Independently | 1923-1935 |
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| 10. | William Edward Barnard (1886-1958) | Labor Party | 1936-1943 |
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| 11. | Frederick William Schramm (1886–1962) | Labor Party | 1944-1946 |
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| 12. | Robert McKeen (1884–1974) | Labor Party | 1947-1950 |
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| 13. | Matthew Henry Oram (1885-1969) | National Party | 1950-1957 |
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| 14th | Robert Mafeking Macfarlane (1901-1981) | KCMG | Labor Party | 1958-1960 |
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| 15th | Ronald Macmillan Algie (1888–1978) | National Party | 1961-1966 |
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| 16. | Roy Emile Jack (1914-1977) | National Party | 1967-1972 |
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| 17th | Alfred Ernest Allen (1912–1987) | CMG | National Party | 1972 |
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| 18th | Stanley Austin Whitehead (1907-1976) | Labor Party | 1973-1975 |
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| 19th | Roy Emile Jack (1914-1977) | National Party | 1976-1977 |
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| 20th | Richard Harrison (1921-2003) | National Party | 1978-1984 |
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| 21st | Basil Malcolm Arthur (1928–1985) | Labor Party | 1984-1985 |
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| 22nd | Gerard Aloysius Wall (1920–1992) | Labor Party | 1985-1987 |
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| 23. | Thomas Kerry Burke (1942–) | Labor Party | 1987-1990 |
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| 24. | Robert McDowall Gray (1931-) | National Party | 1990-1993 |
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| 25th | Peter Wilfred Tapsell (1930–2012) | KCMG | Labor Party | 1993-1996 |
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| 26th | Douglas Lorimer Kidd (1941–) | National Party | 1996-1999 |
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| 27. | Jonathan Lucas Hunt (1938-) | ONZ | Labor Party | 1999-2005 |
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| 28. | Margaret Wilson (1947-) | Labor Party | 2005-2008 |
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| 29 | Alexander Lockwood Smith (1948-) | National Party | 2008-2013 |
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| 30th | David Cunningham Carter (1952-) | National Party | 2013-2017 |
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| 31. | Trevor Mallard (1954-) | Labor Party | 2017– |
literature
- HAL Laing, KA Simpson : Clifford, Charles . In: Dictionary of New Zealand Biography , 1769-1869 . Volume I . Allen & Unwin , Wellington 1990 (English, online [accessed March 24, 2018]).
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Janine Hayward : New Zealand Government and Politics . 6th edition. Oxford University Press , Melbourne June 2015 (English).
- John E. Martin : Parliament . In: New Zealand Government and Politics . 6th edition. Oxford University Press , Melbourne June 2015, pp. 141-152 (English).
- Grant Duncan, Grant Gillon : Members of Parliament . In: New Zealand Government and Politics . 6th edition. Oxford University Press , Melbourne June 2015, pp. 393-402 (English).
Web links
- Office of the Speaker . New Zealand Parliament,accessed February 25, 2018.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Role & election of the speaker . New Zealand Parliament , accessed February 25, 2018 .
- ^ The Speaker in History . New Zealand Parliament , accessed February 25, 2018 .
- ^ Laing, Simpson : Clifford, Charles . In: The Dictionary of New Zealand Biography . 1990.
- ^ Duncan, Gillon : Members of Parliament . In: New Zealand Government and Politics . 2015, p. 396 .
- ^ Duncan, Gillon : Members of Parliament . In: New Zealand Government and Politics . 2015, p. 393 .
- ^ Martin : Parliament . In: New Zealand Government and Politics . 2015, p. 144 .
- ^ Biographies of Speakers . New Zealand Parliament , accessed February 25, 2018 .