Tetjana Markus

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Tetjana Markus (1940)

Tetyana Jossypiwna Markus ( Ukrainian Тетяна Йосипівна Маркус , Russian Татьяна Иосифовна Маркус Tatjana Iossifowna Markus * 21st September 1921 in Romny , Poltava Governorate , Ukrainian SSR ; † 29. January 1943 in Kiev , Commission Ukraine ) was a Ukrainian resistance fighter against the Nazi Jewish Ancestry.

Life

Tetjana Markus was born in the shtetl of the city of Romny in what is now the Ukrainian Oblast of Sumy as one of six children to a Jewish family. The family moved to Kiev in the 1920s, where Tetjana attended school No. 44 and from 1938 worked as a secretary in the personnel department of the passenger service of the Southwestern Railway .

In July 1940, after Chisinau had been occupied by the Red Army and annexed by the Soviet Union, she was sent there to work for a tram and trolleybus company. At the end of June 1941 Romania occupied the Moldavian SSR and so Tetjana Markus returned to Kiev in July 1941.

In Kiev, after the city was occupied by Wehrmacht troops on September 19, 1941 , she took an active part in the underground struggle against the German occupation . Her family, apart from her father, were evacuated to Kharkov . At first it operated agitation and propaganda against the Germans by reporting news at meetings at the front, calling for resistance to the invaders and calling for sabotage against the German troops. After some time she also took part in acts of sabotage against the invaders, was involved in their killing or was herself the person responsible for assassinations of dozens of German soldiers, officers and collaborators .

She once assumed the identity of the daughter of a Georgian prince who was killed by the Bolsheviks in order to join the Germans as opponents of the Soviets with this feigned, tragic backstory. The young, pretty woman won the trust of some German officials and thus managed to collect information that helped the Ukrainian underground fighters to kill her. Once she even worked in a German officers ' mess, several times luring soldiers into remote areas and killing them.

After killing a large number of soldiers, the Gestapo launched an operation to identify and capture them. On August 22, 1942, while attempting to cross the Dnieper , Tetjana was arrested by the Gestapo and then brutally tortured. She was beaten until she was unconscious, then water was poured over her and beaten again. The torturers put their red-hot irons on their faces and breasts. She survived the ordeal for more than five months without revealing anyone and was shot on January 29, 1943 at the age of 21 in Babyn Yar , a 2.5 km long and 5 to 30 m deep gorge in the Kiev city area. Her body was thrown into the ravine with the bodies of tens of thousands of other victims of the German occupation. In August and September 1943 the occupiers dug up the corpses again as part of the special action 1005 and burned them to destroy evidence of their crimes.

Ukrainian postage stamp from 2011 with her likeness

Honors

  • 2006 Hero of Ukraine by President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko, posthumously awarded on September 21, 2006 for her personal courage and heroic sacrifice, the spirit of invincibility in the fight against the invaders in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945
  • In 2009 Babi Yar of Kyiv mayor was on 1 December 2009 in the presence of Leonid Chernovetskyi and the Israeli ambassador in Ukraine Syna Kalaj-Klajtman a monument to Tetyana Markus ⊙ built.
  • In 2011 the Ukrainian Post issued a postage stamp with her likeness.
  • A plaque by the sculptor Valeri Medvedev was placed in her memory at the Kiev School No. 44, which she visited

Web links

Commons : Tetjana Markus  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Known and new information about Tetjana Markus on zn.ua from August 9, 2002; accessed on March 25, 2018 (Russian)
  2. ↑ a b c Entry on Tetjana Markus in the Internet project Heroes of Ukraine ; accessed on March 25, 2018 (Ukrainian)
  3. ↑ Tatjana Markus monument on atlasobscura.com ; accessed on March 25, 2018 (English)
  4. ↑ Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 768/2006 of September 21, 2006; accessed on March 25, 2018 (Ukrainian)
  5. ↑ Tetjana Markus immortalized in Babyn Jar on sd.net.ua ; accessed on March 25, 2018 (Ukrainian)
  6. ↑ 2006 Tetjana Marku on history-poltava.org ; accessed on March 25, 2018 (Ukrainian)
  7. ↑ ... An art forever jew-observer.com NUMBER: 12./252, December 2013; accessed on March 25, 2018 (Russian)
personal data
SURNAME Markus, Tetjana
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Markus, Tetjana Jossypiwna (full name); Маркус, Тетяна Йосипівна (Ukrainian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ukrainian-Jewish resistance fighter against National Socialism
DATE OF BIRTH September 21, 1921
PLACE OF BIRTH Romny , Sumy Oblast , Ukrainian SSR
DATE OF DEATH January 29, 1943
Place of death Kiev , Reichskommissariat Ukraine