Blocking point Bernina houses
Map with all coordinates: 
Blocking point Berninahäuser (Army designation No. 1268/1269) was a defensive position of the Swiss Army . It is located below Bernina Suot (formerly Bernina Houses) on the road over the Bernina Pass into the Poschiavo .
The lock was built by civil companies from 1936 to 1939 and is considered a military historical monument of national importance. She belonged to Border Brigade 12 and was released from secrecy with Army 95 .
history
In prehistoric times there was pass traffic over the Bernina, which increased in Roman times. The pass traffic was monitored and protected from 1200 with the Spaniola castle tower . The old path led through Carlihof, a little below the Spaniola tower.
During the two world wars, the main task of the Sperrstelle was to prevent or delay the march of an enemy from the south near Berninahäuser.
The Bernina houses barrier is the foremost permanent barrier against the Poschiavo and Italy . Since the height of the Bernina Pass was unsuitable as a blocking point because its moraine landscape is too confusing, a more suitable location was found around 6 km north of the height of the pass during the First World War . This was fortified with trenches, artillery positions and the mountain shelter "Albrishütte" from 1915.
Even before the Second World War , road and rail barricades were built in 1936 along a trench from 1915. The infantry works (A 7675 and 7676) were built into the rock as flanking works on both sides of the road from May 1938, the tank barrier GPH (T 4045) made of natural stone blocks one year later.
The main Bernina plant on the right (A 7675) was armed with an infantry cannon (later a 9 cm anti-tank gun, Pak) and three machine guns. From the counterwork Bernina left (A 7676), an extensive infantry work as a rock cavern, three machine guns were at work.
The anti-tank barrier consists of three rows of natural stones set in concrete, reinforced with concrete blocks near the road and railroad.
To prevent the Val Minor from bypassing the nearby Livigno , a shelter for mobile infantry was built on the watershed on the border with Italy.
With Army 61 , the blocking point was reinforced with an 8.1 cm fortress mine thrower with a range of four kilometers on the Bernina Pass (Army designation no. 1269).
- Bernina rock on the right A 7675: Ik / Pak, 3 Mg ⊙
- Bernina rock on the left A 7676: 3 Mg ⊙
- GPH Bernina houses (natural stone blocks) T 4045 ⊙
- Team accommodation Albrishütte FWK B 2284 ⊙
- Fortress mine thrower Bernina A 7664 2 8.1-cm-Fest Mw ⊙
Pro Castellis
The Pro Castellis association takes over the military installations at the Bernina houses blockade. These include the remains of the fortress construction from the First World War, anti-tank and anti-tank positions from the Second World War and the "Bison" mine throwing position from 2003.
literature
- Peter Baumgartner, Hans Stäbler: Fortified Graubünden. Wolves in sheep's clothing. Military History Foundation Graubünden, Chur 2006. New edition Verlag Desertina, Chur 2016, ISBN 978-3-85637-485-3 .
- Silvio Keller, Maurice Lovisa, Thomas Bitterli: Military monuments in the canton of Graubünden. Federal Department of Defense, Civil Protection and Sport (Ed.), Bern 2003.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Silvio Keller, Maurice Lovisa, Thomas Bitterli: Military monuments in the canton of Graubünden. Federal Department of Defense, Civil Protection and Sport (Ed.), Bern 2003
- ↑ Inventory of historical traffic routes in Switzerland: route GR 61.1 Celerina - / Samedan - Poschiavo (-Tirano); Bernina Pass, of national importance ( Memento of July 29, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Fortress Museum Crestawald: Blocking point Bernina houses
- ↑ Fortress Oberland: Blocking point Bernina houses ( Memento from August 20, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Fortress Museum Lock Trin: Lock point Bernina houses
- ^ Fortress Oberland: Pro Castellis takes over new facilities
- ↑ Fortified Graubünden 1941
Coordinates: 46 ° 26 '54 " N , 9 ° 57' 11.9" E ; CH1903: seven hundred ninety-three thousand one hundred and ninety-one / 147208