Spiral tang

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Spiral tang
Spiral wrack (Fucus spiralis)

Spiral wrack ( Fucus spiralis )

Systematics
without rank: Stramenopiles (stramenopiles)
without rank: Brown algae (Phaeophyceae)
without rank: Fucales
Family : Fucaceae
Genre : Fucus
Type : Spiral tang
Scientific name
Fucus spiralis
L.
Spiraltang: Figure on a postage stamp

The spiral wrack ( Fucus spiralis , also known as the small bladder wrack ) is a Fucus species from the group of brown algae , which is also found in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea.

description

The spiral wrack is a perennial large alga ( seaweed ) with a size of a few centimeters to about 30 cm. At the base it is connected to the ground with an adhesive plate. The leathery, rough, brown-green thallus is flattened, forked in one plane and traversed by a central rib. It has neither gas bubbles (like bladder wrack ) nor a sawn edge (like saw wrack ). Sometimes the thallus is twisted in a spiral, which is what the German name refers to. The vegetative ends of the thallus are flat, and also bloated and hollow after intense sun exposure. Thalli damaged by the surf or eating can regenerate new tufted shoots on the wound surfaces.

Reproduction

Fucus species are diplomats without a generation change . From April to October the spiral kelp bears thick, swollen, fertile thallus ends ( recipe sacs ) that are filled with jelly. The recipe tables contain conceptacles sunk into the surface in the shape of a jug , in which the gametes are formed. The spiral wrack is hermaphroditic. Egg cells and sperm cells (zoospores) arise in every conceptacle. Hence, self-fertilization is common. The fertilized egg cells attach themselves and grow into new diploid algae.

Occurrence

The distribution area of ​​the spiral weft includes the coasts of the North Atlantic and the American North Pacific coast. In the eastern North Atlantic it is distributed from Norway to the Canary Islands and Morocco and is also found in the North Sea and Baltic Sea .

The spiral wrack colonizes the uppermost intertidal zone . Of the related Fucus species, with which it often occurs together, it is found furthest at the top. It recovers from dehydration better than the related species and tolerates both high and low temperatures.

Systematics

The first description of Fucus spiralis was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species plantarum , Volume 2, p 1159. The Fucus spiralis belongs to the genus Fucus in the family of Fucaceae within the order of Fucales .

Synonyms of Fucus spiralis L. are Fucus areschougii Kjellman, Fucus areschougii f. nanus Kjellman, Fucus areschougii var. borealis (Kjellman) Kjellman, Fucus sherardii f. spiralis (L.) Areschoug and Fucus vesiculosus var. spiralis (L.) C. Agardh.

A similar species is that of Zardi et al. described Fucus guiryi (synonym: Fucus spiralis var. platycarpus (Thuret) Batters). It differs by a sterile border around the receptacles and its monopodial, not forked branching, longer thallus (up to about 50 cm) and longer stalk. Fucus guiryi grows slightly lower in the intertidal zone than the spiral wrack and slightly higher than the bladder wrack .

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Harry Garms: Plants and Animals of Europe. An identification book. Braunschweig 1963, ISBN 3-423-03013-5
  2. ↑ a b E. Billard, EA Serrão, GA Pearson, C. Destombe, M. Valero: Fucus vesiculosus and spiralis complex: a nested model of local adaptation at the shore level. In: Marine Ecology Progress Series 405: pp. 163–174, 2010 PDF file
  3. ↑ Michael Guiry: The Seaweed Site: information on marine algae: Fucus spiralis , accessed March 20, 2012.
  4. ↑ GI Zardi, KR Nicastro, F. Canovas, JF Costa, EA Serrão, GA Pearson: Adaptive traits are maintained on steep selective gradients despite gene flow and hybridization in the intertidal zone . PLoS ONE 6 (6): pp. 1–13, 2011 PDF file

Web links

Commons : Spiraltang ( Fucus spiralis )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files