Fucales

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Fucales
Fucus distichus, Fucaceae

Fucus distichus , Fucaceae

Systematics
Domain : Eukaryotes (eukaryota)
without rank: Diaphoreticks
without rank: Sar
without rank: Stramenopiles (stramenopiles)
without rank: Brown algae (Phaeophyceae)
without rank: Fucales
Scientific name
Fucales
Bory
Durvillaea antarctica , Durvillaeacaee
Knotwrack ( Ascophyllum nodosum ), Fucaceae
Gutter wrack ( Pelvetia canaliculata ), Fucaceae
Belt Tang ( Himanthalia elongata ), Himanthaliaceae
Hormosira banksii , Hormosiraceae
Cystoseira sp., Sargassaceae
Schotentang ( Halidrys siliquosa ) Sargassaceae
Sargassum sp., Sargassaceae
Turbinaria triquetra , Sargassaceae

The Fucales are a species-rich group of brown algae . They include many species known as seaweed .

description

The Fucales comprise macroalgae with real tissue formation, which are usually perennial. The tough, leathery thallus is either forked or irregularly branched. In some species it can be over a meter long. The growth takes place at the ends of the thallus. Some species have swim bladders that provide buoyancy in the water. Types of the intertidal zone are protected from drying out by a layer of mucus ( fucoidin ).

In cell biology, the Fucales are characterized by several scattered discoidal plastids and missing pyrenoids .

Reproduction

The Fucales are graduates without a generation change . In the germ cell containers ( conceptacles ), the gametes arise through meiosis and a different number of mitoses. These few cells created by mitosis correspond to an extremely reduced gametophyte. Immobile egg cells and mobile spermatozoids are almost always formed ( oogamy ). The anterior ciliated flagellum of the spermatozoids is shorter than the smooth posterior flagellum . The spermatozoids are attracted to the egg cells by a pheromone . After fertilization, the zygote settles and grows into a new diploid alga.

Occurrence

The Fucales are common in the seas around the world. They mainly belong to the benthos and grow in the intertidal zone or in the sublittoral on the rock base of the coasts. Some types of golf rods , which are common in warmer seas , also float freely in surface water ( Sargassum natans and Sargassum fluitans ).

Systematics

The Fucales were erected in 1827 by Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent . This taxon is the second most species-rich group of brown algae after the ectocarpales . According to Guiry in AlgaeBASE (2014) it comprises 9 sub-taxa (formerly families) with around 528 species. About 337 species belong to the genus of the golf rod ( Sargassum ).

use

Alginates are obtained from several species , for example from knotted wrack and the Fucus species. The seaweed extract is used for cosmetic products. The dried algae are used as seaweed baths in thalassotherapy . The bladderwrack also serves as a remedy .

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b S. M. Adl et al .: The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists . In: Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 52: 2005, p. 430. PDF file
  2. ↑ Michael Guiry: The Seaweed Site: information on marine algae: Ascophyllum nodosum , accessed February 14, 2013.
  3. ↑ a b c Michael Guiry: The Seaweed Site: information on marine algae: Fucus vesiculosus , accessed February 14, 2013.
  4. ↑ Bruno Vonarburg: Homeotany 4. Extravagant exotic species . 2nd edition, Georg Thieme, 2005. ISBN 3830472285 , pp. 285-286 Google e-book

Web links

Commons : Fucales  - collection of images, videos and audio files