Spontaneous speech

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In many areas of applied linguistics , spontaneous speech is understood as a designation for an object of study. The focus of these studies is the spoken language as it is used in everyday life.

Definition of terms

Spontaneous speech means freely formulated, unprepared speaking in everyday life. What is meant is the free flow of speech that occurs when people communicate with each other orally without having prepared or noted the content of the speech or reading it from a written document. Thoughts are constantly being translated into language.

Very often ungrammatic sentences are also created. Spontaneous speech contains broken sentences as well as insertions or self-corrections. Even non-meaningful utterance elements such as clearing the throat or vocalizations such as "um" are part of spontaneous speech. This naturally spoken language appears in dialog-like situations, i.e. face-to-face, or occurs as a monologue or group conversation . It can be topic or task-related, but is otherwise not bound by any restrictions.

Spontaneous language in various linguistic disciplines

phonetics

In phonetics , one examines spontaneous speech, for example, with regard to articulatory, prosodic and non-verbal elements, which are referred to as hesitations . What are meant are articulations that interrupt the flow of speech (ah, ahm, hm, br, pf etc.), laughing, clearing throat, delaying stretching or pauses.

An example of research in this area is the research project “Lautmuster deutscher Spontanssprache” at the University of Kiel . Spontaneous language is contrasted with reading language in such studies.

The forensic phonetics analyzed phonetic features of spontaneous speech, when performing, for example, votes comparisons due to fundamental frequency analysis.

Clinical Linguistics

Example aphasia diagnostics: The Aachen Aphasia Test (AAT) consists of six sub-tests, the first of which examines spontaneous speech. Communication behavior, articulation and prosody, automatisms, semantics , phonematics and syntax are assessed

Psycholinguistics

The Psycholinguistics studied language processing and language awareness. The former take place on several levels such as the phoneme - grapheme level, the word level and the sentence level. The second means the ability to reflect on language.

Conversation Analysis

The analysis of spoken language reveals different influences. For example, written language can have an impact on them, so that a speaking style is developed that appears "ready for printing" or "papery". Conversely, spontaneous speech also influences forms of written communication such as e-mail or chat. Conversation analyzes also provide insights into the development of language understanding.

Computational linguistics

for example speech recognition, translations etc.

  • Example 1: The "Tübinger Baumbank" of German / Spontanssprache (TüBa-D / S) is a syntactically annotated corpus on the basis of spontaneous dialogues that were manually transliterated. It comprises around 38,000 sentences or 360,000 words. The annotation was done by hand.
  • Example 2: Institute for German Language and Linguistics, Chair of Computational Linguistics . Jürgen Kunze, Computational Linguistics II - first part: Recognition and synthesis of spoken language (speech). There is a lecture script on the website of the University of Berlin

Spontaneous speech in medicine (phoniatry)

Spontaneous speech poses a particular problem in the case of so-called flow disorders , especially rumbling . Such speech disorders , which currently affect spontaneous speech and make it difficult, are treated as part of speech therapy.

literature

  • Richard J. Brunner : Investigations on the linguistic structure of spontaneous speech in aphasic patients and other patients with defined brain lesions against the background of the historical context of aphasia research , Ulm University 1989
  • Sadaoki Furui: Perspectives of Spontaneous Speech Recognition and Understanding . In: Gerd Willée, Bernhard Schröder, Hans-Christian Schmitz (Eds.): Computational Linguistics. What's going on, what's coming? = Computational linguistics. Achievements and Perspectives. Festschrift for Winfried Lenders . Gardez! -Verlag, St. Augustin 2002, ISBN 3-89796-094-X , ( Linguistics, Computational Linguistics and New Media 4), pp. 64–69.
  • Benno Peters: Individual and gender-specific differences in the prosodic design of German reading and spontaneous language . In: Horst Dieter Schlosser (Ed.): Language and culture . Lang, Frankfurt am Main et al. 2000, ISBN 3-631-37051-2 , ( Forum angewandte Linguistik 38), pp. 153-162.
  • Barbara Resch: Data driven pronunciation modeling for large vocabulary spontaneous speech recognition . Graz 2002, (Graz, Techn. Univ., Dipl.-Arb., 2002).

Web links

Wiktionary: Spontaneous language  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Single receipts

  1. ↑ Research project "Sound Patterns in German Spontaneous Language" (PDF; 213 kB)
  2. ^ Tübingen tree bench "TüBa-D / S" on the website of the University of Tübingen ( Memento from August 11, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ Lecture notes on Computational Linguistics, University of Berlin ( Memento from May 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (Mirror Page: pp . 1–34 (PDF; 480 kB) pp. 35–44 (PDF; 806 kB) pp. 45–63 ( PDF, 402 kB) S.64-97 (PDF; 1.3 MB) S.98-121 ; PDF; 370 kB)