Compression spring

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Compression springs with different geometries

Compression springs or helical compression springs are a type of coiled torsion springs ("coil springs"), with which they belong to the coil springs . Compression springs are made of round or profiled wire helically shaped spiral or wound , torsionally stressed springs which on pressure respond. The pitch of the winding is generally constant .

function

Compression springs store and transmit forces through changes in shape. The spring constant can be changed via the spring geometry and material selection . The compression spring is loaded by pressing the ends together. The force is introduced via the end turns. The stored energy is partially released again when the spring is released.

Designs

  • Compression springs generally have a cylindrical design with a linear characteristic.
  • Applied end windings: To ensure that the force is introduced into the spring body as axially as possible, the two opposite end windings (or several windings) can be created by reducing the winding pitch to S W = 0.
  • Ground end turns: The end turns can be ground to improve the support.
  • Sleeve and mandrel: compression springs can buckle. This can be prevented by using a sleeve enclosing the spring or an internal mandrel.
  • Conical compression springs: The diameter decreases from D 1 to D 2 , the spring characteristic is progressively increasing.
  • Double-conical compression springs are also known as barrel springs ; they have a smaller coil diameter at the ends than in the middle.
  • Mini block springs are barrel springs with changing coil spacing and wire diameter
  • Waist feathers have a larger coil diameter at the ends than in the middle.

  • Cylindrical spring with applied end coils

  • Conical springs (conical springs); the one on the left shows a polished end turn.

  • Barrel spring (under the saddle)

application

Compression springs are used in mechanical engineering and many other areas, e.g. B .:

  • Electrical devices (e.g. return springs in switches)
  • Vehicle construction (e.g. in chassis)
  • Office supplies (e.g. in ballpoint pens)
  • Building hardware (e.g. in door closers)

Materials and their standardization

Suitable and frequently used materials are spring steels :

  • EN 10270–1 Patented drawn, unalloyed spring steel wire
  • EN 10270-2 Oil tempered spring steel wire
  • EN 10270-3 Stainless spring steel wire

Parameters

A selection of parameters:

  • d wire diameter in mm
  • D Mean coil diameter in mm
  • L 0 length of the unloaded spring in mm
  • L c block length in mm; this is the length of the spring when the turns are directly adjacent to one another
  • n Number of resilient coils
  • n t total number of turns
  • R spring rate in N / mm

standardization

  • DIN EN 15800 Cylindrical coil springs made of round wires - Quality specifications for cold-formed compression springs , current edition 2009
  • DIN EN 13906-1 Cylindrical coil springs made of round wires and rods - Calculation and construction - Part 1: Compression springs , current edition EN 13906-1: 2013

Web links