Spurius Carvilius Maximus

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Spurius Carvilius Maximus came from the Roman plebeian family of the Carvilians . He was 293 and 272 BC. Chr. Consul , and probably 289 v. Chr. Censor .

Life

Spurius Carvilius Maximus, whose father and grandfather led the prenomen Gaius , was born in 293 BC. BC for the first time consul and received Lucius Papirius Cursor as an official colleague. The detailed report of the Roman historian Titus Livius at the end of the surviving first decade of his work Ab urbe condita is available about this consulate, which was marked by the struggle of the Romans in their third war against the Samnites . Since the subsequent books 11–20 of this work can only be grasped today in the form of short epitomes, the more distant life of Carvilius can be traced far less precisely.

The Livian annual report for 293 BC BC does not move Carvilius, but Papirius Cursor into the center. He begins with a broadly painted representation of the Samnite armor. Carvilius initially took over the supreme command of the Roman armed forces gathered at Interamna , advanced against Samnium and conquered Amiternum . He devastated the areas of Samnium with his comrade in office, who had received command of another army, and then moved to camp at Cominium . Papirius, however, positioned himself at a distance of about 30 kilometers from his colleague at Aquilonia , where he faced most of the opposing troops. The consuls continuously exchanged information and agreed that they should seek battle with the enemy at their respective locations on the same day. When Carvilius learned that 20 cohorts of Samnite soldiers had marched off from Aquilonia to relieve those besieged in Cominium, he sent his own contingent to intercept the cohorts. However, these were called back by their comrades. Carvilius managed to capture Cominium and at the same time his co-consul won a victory at Aquilonia, while the cohorts between the two battle sites did not intervene in the fighting and partly fled to Bovianum (either a city devastated by the Romans in 298 BC or today's Bojano ) .

Although it was soon getting wintry, the consuls supposedly decided to completely subjugate the Samnites. So Papirius advanced with his legions against Saepinum and Carvilius against Velia . Carvilius was able to storm this city as well as the two other Samnite places Palumbinum and Herculaneum . Then he went against the Etruscans , took Troilum and five fortresses and granted the Faliskern, for a considerable fine, a one-year truce, which ended his campaign. Since the entire account of Livy is heavily embellished, many of the locations he mentioned cannot be reliably located and the more concise explanations of the Byzantine historian Johannes Zonaras partly differ from Livy, it is difficult to get an idea of ​​more precise details of the course of the war.

Carvilius returned with a great deal of spoils of war, some of which he gave to the treasury; He used the remaining portion to cover the costs of building a Fors Fortuna shrine and - in contrast to his fellow consul - also to reward his soldiers. In recognition of his military successes, he was allowed to hold a triumph . While, according to Livy, he celebrated this over the Samnites and Etruscans and only after Papirius, the acts of triumph only give a triumph over the Samnites and the exact reverse order in time. Carvilius used the captured ore of the Samnite armor to build a large statue of the supreme Roman god Iuppiter . This colossal statue was placed on the Capitol next to its own statue of Carvilius.

In the year after his consulate, 292 BC. BC, Carvilius was appointed legate of the now consul Decimus Junius Brutus Scaeva , as he was militarily inexperienced, and took part in his fight against the Falisker. According to the Roman historian Velleius Paterculus , he also exercised censorship, probably 289 BC. Chr., From.

For the second time, Carvilius came in 272 BC. To the consulate, again with his old colleague Lucius Papirius Cursor. They successfully ended the war against Taranto , with Papirius completely subjugating Taranto and Carvilius his Italian allies. Full details of their struggles are not known. In any case, the consuls received a second triumph, this time over the Samnites, Lucanians , Bruttians and Tarentines, which Carvilius celebrated again in front of his fellow consul according to the triumphal acts.

There is no tradition about the further fate and the year of death of Carvilius.

literature

Remarks

  1. ↑ Fasti Capitolini ad annum 293 BC Chr .; Titus Livy 10:39, 1; among others
  2. ↑ Livy 10:38, 2-13; see. Cassius Dio , fragment 36, 29; Zonaras 8, 1.
  3. ^ Livy 10:39, 1-10.
  4. ^ Livy 10:39, 11--43 , 15.
  5. ↑ Livy 10:44, 6-9.
  6. ↑ Livy 10:45 , 8-11.
  7. ↑ Livy 10:46, 10-12; Zonaras 8, 1.
  8. ↑ Friedrich Münzer : Papirius 53). In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume XVIII, 3, Stuttgart 1949, Col. 1054 f.
  9. ↑ Livy 10:46, 13-15.
  10. ↑ Triumphal Acts; Livy 10:46, 13.
  11. ↑ Pliny , Naturalis historia 34, 43.
  12. ↑ Zonaras 8, 1.
  13. ^ Velleius Paterculus 2, 128, 2.
  14. ↑ Cassiodorus , Chronicle ; among others
  15. ↑ Triumphal Acts; Livy, periochae 14; Zonaras 8, 6.
personal data
SURNAME Carvilius Maximus, Spurius
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Maximus, Spurius Carvilius
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Roman consul and censor
DATE OF BIRTH 4th century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH after 272 BC Chr.