St. Martin's Church (Zetel)
The Evangelical Lutheran St. Martin's Church in the municipality of Zetel in the Lower Saxony district of Friesland belongs to the Lutheran Oldenburg regional church .
History and description of the building
On the site of two excavated wooden predecessor buildings from the 10th century, a Romanesque church was built on the mound around 1250 , but it was destroyed or fell into disrepair during the 14th century. In 1450 was made of granite quadern the previous building and brick in Klosterformat built today's late-Gothic hall church. The lower half is made of granite stones, the upper half of bricks. The former portals for men and women on the north and south sides are walled up. Today the entrance is on the west facade. A window with a blunt pointed arch is the only original to have survived on the north side. In 1968/69 the wall of the apse, which no longer exists, was excavated. A small roof turret from the 19th century sits above the choir. The church is first mentioned in a papal document from 1423.
Next to the south wall of the church is the 10 m high bell tower from the 13th century.
Interior
altar
The original image program can hardly be seen in its entirety in any old church in the ore monastery of Bremen . The reliefs of the Gothic winged altar have been preserved from the Passion Altar of St. Martin's Church . It was carved around 1520 and belongs to the circle of the master of Osnabrück . Newly painted around 1600, it stood in the apse until 1617. In the meantime, however, it was almost invisible, as the choir room had been separated off in order to convert the rest of the church into a preaching church.
In 1793 a Lutheran retable was placed on the stipes in the choir. For this purpose, a wooden epitaph was converted with copies of the Last Supper, Crucifixion and Resurrection after engravings by Peter Paul Rubens. It shows the 16 coats of arms of the donor's ancestral test on the right and left edge; namely the coat of arms of the Klencken, v. Lützow, Clüver, Fresen, v. Offelen, v. Osterhave, v. Hayn, v. Haysen, v. Böselager, v. Brobergen, v. However, v. Marschalc, v. Kloden, v. Schönbeke, v. Felten and Külen. The altar consists of “three pictures, painted on wood, of no value”, was the devastating verdict on this Lutheran altarpiece in 1909. The reredos are now on the northern gallery.
The artistically more valuable late Gothic altar shrine, however, hung from 1793 on the south wall of the church “above the pulpit”. It returned to its original location on the Stipes in the choir in 1951. Previously, the Paderborn company Ochsenfahrt had not only thoroughly restored the reliefs, but had also "put the panels back in the correct chronological order". Before that, the tablets were "placed in the shrine at will, regardless of the chronology". The reredos shows in the middle a Golgotha scene with many figures, each framed by two scenes from the life of Jesus. Starting from the top left you can see the reliefs of the birth of Jesus, the adoration by the three kings, Jesus on the Mount of Olives, on the right it continues with the Judas kiss or the betrayal, the condemnation of Jesus by Pontius Pilate and the flagellation. At the bottom left the scenes from the Passion of Jesus are continued with the crowning of thorns, the Ecce Homo scene, the fall under the cross. At the bottom right it continues with the relief of Jesus' descent into hell, the resurrection and the ascension to heaven. The veil above the reliefs dates from the 20th century. The color version is that of 1600. The reredos are characterized by “liveliness, naturalness and individualization of the figures”.
The local wood sculptor Wilhelm Kunst replaced the missing predella with a copy of the Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci . He also created the statues of the four evangelists on the pulpit and of Moses as the holder of the lectern. The pulpit designed by architect Manfred Beier was inaugurated in 1987 by Bishop Sievers . On Christmas Eve 1980, Wilhelm Kunst gave the church a wood-carved nativity scene with figures up to 50 cm tall, which is set up every Christmas.
Other interior fittings
The remainder of a medieval painting from the 15th century north of the altar presumably shows the Apostle James the Elder with a pilgrim's staff in his hands. Below is a sacrament niche with a late Gothic door from the 15th century. On the south wall there is a baroque epitaph with a late Gothic crucifixion group around 1500 and a picture by Pastor Joachim Brahm von Neuenburg from 1657.
The north and west gallery shows simple forms of the late Renaissance from 1617. On its 31 fields, biblical sayings as well as family coats of arms, dates and names of parishioners are written on a black background in white Gothic script.
The organ by Johann Wolfgang Witzmann from Bremen was built in 1801 and is the only organ he has preserved. It has 11 registers in the main manual, 9 registers and 1296 pipes in the upper manual. The pedal is attached.
6 registers are unusable.
See also
literature
- Architectural and art monuments 1909, pp. 146–147
- Hans-Bernd Rödiger, Waldemar Reinhardt: Frisian churches - Rüstringen, Frisian Wehde, Butjadingen, Stedingen and the city of Wilhelmshaven , volume 4. Verlag CL Mettcker & Söhne, Jever 1982, p. 40 f.
- Robert Noah, Martin Stromann: God's houses in Friesland and Wilhelmshaven. Verlag Soltau-Kurier-Norden, Norden 1991, ISBN 978-3-922365-95-2 , p. 126 ff.
- Dehio: Bremen - Lower Saxony, Berlin 1992, pp. 1428/29
- Wilhelm Gilly: Medieval churches and chapels in the Oldenburger Land. Building history and inventory. Isensee Verlag , Oldenburg 1992, ISBN 3-89442-126-6 , p. 188 f.
- Harald Vogel , Günter Lade, Nicola Borger-Keweloh: Organs in Lower Saxony. Hauschild Verlag , Bremen 1997, ISBN 3-931785-50-5 , p. 240
- Reinhold Carels: Streiflichter - From the history of the Evangelical Lutheran Church Community Zetel. Ev.-luth. Kirchengemeinde Zetel (ed.), Zetel 2000
- Hans Begerow: In Zetel, change remains constant. In: Nordwest-Zeitung (NWZ) of March 16, 2000.
- Reinhold Schmacker: Church guide: The St. Martins Church at Zetel through the ages, Bockhorn 2000
- Herbert R. Marwede: Pre-Reformation altars in East Friesland . Dissertation, Hamburg 2007, Part 1 - Text, p. 319 ff. , Part 2 - Figures, Fig. 135-144 , accessed on August 5, 2018.
- Hermann Haiduck: The architecture of the medieval churches in the East Frisian coastal area . 2nd Edition. Ostfriesische Landschaftliche Verlags- und Vertriebs-GmbH, Aurich 2009, ISBN 978-3-940601-05-6 , p. 12 f., 186, 211, 221 .
- Justin Kroesen, Regnerus Steensma: Churches in East Friesland and their medieval furnishings , Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-159-1 , p. 77
- Albrecht Eckhardt: Oldenburgisches Ortlexikon, archaeologist, geography and history of the Oldenburger Land , vol. 2. Isensee Verlag, Oldenburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-89995-757-0 , p. 1162
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Herbert R. Marwede
- ^ Organ of St. Martin's Church in Zetel , accessed on August 5, 2018.
Coordinates: 53 ° 25 '22.4 " N , 7 ° 58' 16.4" E