State amateur
As state amateurs are athletes called, while from their respective sports federation as amateurs are declared but operate almost exclusively competitive sports and engage in any other regular employment. With the repeal of amateur regulations in 1981, this phenomenon became superfluous in most states.
Today the term state amateur is used less often, but more widely, for example in retrospect for the Swedish participants in the Olympic Games of 1912, most of whom were called up for military service in order to be able to offer them optimal training opportunities. Since Sweden won the most medals at the Olympic Games in 1912 (before the USA ), the model was first used by fascist Italy after the First World War , and from 1933 by National Socialist Germany .
The term itself originated during the Cold War and was used disparagingly in the West for athletes from the Eastern Bloc countries who were formally usually assigned to a production company as workers or were members of the army or security organs, but only trained for their sport. At that time, amateur status was a prerequisite for participating in the Olympic Games.
See also
Web links
- Der Spiegel 39/1981, burial for a mummy - IOC member Willi Daume called the "exploitation of human excellence" the current amateur rule ...
- Arnd Krüger (1975). Sport and politics. From gymnastics father Jahn to state amateur . Hanover: torchbearers
- Arnd Krüger (1999). Strength through joy. The culture of consent under fascism, Nazism and Francoism, in: JAMES RIORDAN & ARND KRÜGER (Eds.): The International Politics of Sport in the 20th Century . London: Routledge, pp. 67-89.