Stadtschänke (Großbottwar)
The Stadtschänke on the marketplace in Großbottwar in the district of Ludwigsburg in Baden-Württemberg was built in the first half of the 15th century and stands as a cultural monument under monument protection .
history
Located directly on the market square, the building is certainly one of the oldest buildings in the city. When the city was founded in the 13th century, a building may have been erected at this point, and remains of the cellar of the current building on the west side have been preserved. The current building was built in the first half of the 15th century on the site of an older building. According to dendrochronological studies, the wood built into the house was felled in 1434/35. This finding coincides with the dating of the construction of the house, so that 1435 can be assumed as the year of construction. Nothing is known about the client. The building that towers over the other buildings on the market does not seem to have been designed as a farmhouse. Rather, a spiral staircase leading from the ground floor into the cellar indicates that the building was probably built as an inn, as there could not have been a stable on the ground floor, while access to a wine cellar speaks for an inn. The ceiling height on the ground floor also speaks against its use as a stable. The upscale furnishings on the first floor with window cores, plank walls and carved beamed ceiling could also indicate that it was the residential or office building of an official.
The first names of owners and previous owners appear in the town's tax lists from 1535. Before 1535, Eberhard Cremer was the first known owner. In 1535 Stefan Stor owned the building. At that time, the interest of the house flowed to the All Saints altar in the Johanneskirche. The names of the early owners are incomplete and the building seems to have changed hands frequently. For a long time there was a bakery on the ground floor. In 1793 the baker family Weiler bought the building. In the years of need after 1814, the family emigrated to North America. The Wittich family of bakers bought the house in 1817 and used it as a bakery for three generations. The butcher family Bauer bought the house around 1900. Later there was a sewing room, the local police station and an optician's shop on the first floor. In 1970 the city of Großbottwar finally acquired the building as a renovation property. The house was sold in 1981 to the Hartmaier family, who renovated the building from 1982 to 1984.
It was only during the renovation of the building, which had been plastered for a long time towards the market square, that its very old age and its extraordinarily good preservation gradually became apparent. The new owners originally wanted to set up a shop on the ground floor again, but then decided, given the structure of the building, to reschedule in favor of a restaurant with an attached small hotel.
description
De Stadtschänke is a gable-independent three-storey half-timbered building with the upper and gable floors above a massive vaulted basement, on a trapeze-shaped floor plan, with a three-sided solidly bricked ground floor and a steep gable roof .
The flat vaulted cellar under the house is the oldest part of the building. It has a wide entrance at the rear and is also reached by an old spiral staircase from the ground floor. An older cellar once extended to the west towards the market square, probably from the time the city was founded in the 13th century. It seems that during the renovation in the 15th century, the buildings on the market were set back to make more space for the street and market.
The ground floor has been changed many times over the years and has little original substance. Above the entrance door, which has been in this place since at least 1800, is a copy of an old baker's guild sign from 1793 with the initials CWCMW, which stand for the then owner, the baker Conrad Weiler and his wife Catharina Magdalena. The south, east and north sides of the ground floor were probably always solidly bricked, nothing more can be said about the original nature of the west side facing the market square. It could have been made of wood, since the ordinance on building stone ground floors was only issued in 1568, over a hundred years after the house was built.
The first floor has two bay windows facing the market square. The rooms on the first floor have plank walls and a flat-arched beam-plank ceiling with decorated beams. Due to this equipment, the house can be considered as a bailiff's apartment . The second floor has often been changed later, so that hardly any more information could be gained about its original division. The arrangement of the windows suggests that the floor was divided into bedrooms.
The attic of the house was not subdivided and has a peculiar room construction with leafed rafter and beam heads, which is not found anywhere else in the area, but can be found in high-medieval buildings in other regions. Strange squares in the wood can be seen as joining marks. Until recently the attic was only used for storage purposes. On the back gable was a floor-to-ceiling hatch with sliding shutters, which has now been replaced by a floor-to-ceiling window.
The half-timbering of the entire house has a peculiar dovetail-like leafing, which is no longer the case in younger buildings and which at the same time gives it a very high stability, which may also be the reason for the old age of the house. Except for small profiles on the cleats , no carvings can be made out on the framework.
literature
- Martin Klumpp: The Stadtschänke in Großbottwar - a house and its time , in: Geschichtsblätter aus dem Bottwartal , No. 10, 2006, pp. 33–39.
Web links
Coordinates: 49 ° 0 '4.7 " N , 9 ° 17" 35.9 " E