Standard cost

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Standard costs are accounting used for a longer period at a cost units estimated in advance costs necessary for the future production of products or services are needed.

General

Standard costs are therefore not costs that have already been incurred, but are planned as future production costs and are therefore used for corporate planning and cost control . Standard cost is the estimated cost required to manufacture a single product or a number of products over a specified period of time in the immediate future. They are related to a specific product and can be used as a basis for its entire service life .

detection

The standard costs are based on assumptions such as the future maintenance of the technology , the production processes and constant product quality ( English drifting costs ). The starting point is the production costs, as they would be incurred in normal employment in the company. Normal employment is that employment that can be achieved taking into account existing bottlenecks and unavoidable operational disruptions. The standard costs are converted to the unit of measurement of the cost bearer ( piece , ton , liter or meter ). The standard cost rate for the cost objects of the individual cost centers is calculated by dividing the planned costs of each cost center by the activity quantity.

In target cost accounting , the planned costs are also referred to as the forecast standard costs . During the subsequent cost control it can be determined whether and to what extent the production costs actually incurred (“ actual costs ”) deviate from the standard costs (“ target costs ”). With a positive deviation there is an imputed profit , with a negative one an imputed loss.

species

A distinction is often made between basic standard values and current standard values. Basic standard values ​​serve exclusively as a benchmark for the planned costs and actual costs. Running defaults serve as the default cost for a specific product over a period of time.

economic aspects

Standard costs are used for cost planning ( budget ), cost control , cost reduction , evaluation of the inventory and price calculation . They are also used in the preliminary costing . It can already be deduced from its many purposes that a budgeted cost calculation should be set up in order to be able to analyze the cost trend that has actually occurred.

Demarcation

In 1958 Konrad Mellerowicz saw synonyms in plan and standard costs; however, he conceded that there is a formal distinction between the two in the specialist literature. Planned costs are job costs (in cost centers ), while standard costs are the planned unit costs of the products ( cost units ).

IFRS

According to IAS 2.21 , the standard costs represent a permissible method for evaluating inventory levels internationally within the framework of IFRS . According to the standard cost method , the value is determined for a certain period of time. The standard costs should correspond to the prime costs that arise in normal employment.

The standard cost is in the United States ( English standard costs ) the generic term for the planned costs, among the planned per product manufacturing costs are understood.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wolfgang Becker / Stefan Lutz, Gabler Kompakt-Lexikon Modernesrechnung , 2007, p. 211
  2. ↑ Adolph Matz, Plankosten, contribution margins and budgets , 1975, p. 102
  3. ↑ Wolfgang Becker / Stefan Lutz, Gabler Compact Lexicon Modern Accounting , 2007, p. 167
  4. ^ Wilhelm Kalveram, Industrial Accounting , 1970, p. 463
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Becker / Stefan Lutz, Gabler Kompakt-Lexikon Modernesrechnung , 2007, p. 217
  6. ↑ Adolph Matz, Plankosten, contribution margins and budgets , 1975, p. 102
  7. ↑ Adolph Matz, Plankosten, contribution margins and budgets , 1975, p. 103
  8. ↑ Konrad Mellerowicz, costs and cost accounting: II - method: calculation and evaluation of cost accounting and operational accounting , 1958, p. 489, FN 1
  9. ^ Friedrich Wille, Planned and Standard Costing , 1952, p. 16
  10. ↑ Gerald Preißler / German Figlin, IFRS-Lexikon , 2009, p. 130
  11. ↑ Wolfgang Becker / Stefan Lutz, Gabler Compact Lexicon Modern Accounting , 2007, p. 210