Stark's plum buck

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Stark's plum buck
Tetrops starkii.jpg

Stark's plum billy ( Tetrops starkii )

Systematics
Family : Longhorn beetle (Cerambycidae)
Subfamily : Weber bucks (Lamiinae)
Tribe : Tetropini
Genre : Plum bucks ( Tetrops )
Type : Stark's plum buck
Scientific name
Tetrops starkii
Chevrolat , 1859

Starks plum Bock ( Tetrops starkii ) is a beetle of the family of longhorn beetles . The species belongs to the subfamily of the Weberbok (Lamiinae) and within this group to the tribe Tetropini .

features

The beetle is relatively small, 2.5 to 6 millimeters long. The head points straight down so that the mouthparts cannot be seen from above. The antennae are about body length. The beetles are essentially black, but they have light brown wing-coverts that are dark at the end. The elytra are parallel, they are hairy whitish. The pronotum has a deep transverse furrow in front of the rear edge.

Stark's plum-goat can easily be confused with the closely related yellow plum- goat ( Tetrops praeustus ). The latter, however, has much shorter antennae that only reach half to two thirds of the body length. Both species have dark spots at the ends of the wings, these are rather faded in the Yellow Plum Bock and delimited with a fuzzy border, while in Stark's Plum Bock they appear clearly defined and bulged towards the front, towards the wing joints.

The telson is trapezoidal in the males of Tetrops starkii and rounded in the females.

Occurrence

Its distribution area is all of Central Europe and extends to northern and western Europe and across the Balkans to Greece . In Eastern Europe it is widespread as far as the Caucasus . In Germany, Stark's billy goat is much less common than the closely related yellow billy goat ( Tetrops praeustus ). It is also rarely found in Austria. Tetrops starkii occurs in the floodplain forests and wet forests of the plain.

Way of life

The development takes place exclusively in damaged ash wood . The adults live on the breeding trees of the genus Fraxinus and other deciduous trees ( Quercus , Betula , Rhamnus and Salix ), nothing is known about the feeding of the beetles.

Systematics and taxonomy

The species status of Stark's plum goat was controversial until the 1970s. Most recently Villiers considered Stark's plum goat in 1977 and 1978 as a variation of the yellow plum goat ( Tetrops praeusta ). C. Holzschuh showed in 1981 that Stark's plum billy is an independent species and clearly differs from the yellow plum billy both morphologically and in its way of life.

Stark's plum buck is in the subgenus Tetrops (Tetrops) known with 3 subspecies , as shown in the following system:

Tribe Tetropini

  • Genus Tetrops (Plum Bucks)
    • Subgenus Tetrops (Tetrops)
      • Tetrops starkii (3 subspecies)
        • Tetrops starkii starkii (Chevrolat, 1859) distributed throughout Europe
        • Tetrops starkii aquilus (Danilevsky, 2012) Occurrence in southern Russia
        • Tetrops starkii warnckei (Holzschuh 1977) Occurrence in Anatolia

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Brian Eversham: The Longhorn Beetles (Cerambycidae) of Beds, Cambs and Northants. Version 1.2, The Wildlife Trusts, June 2004 Identification key (PDF, English)
  2. ↑ Tetrops starkii Chevrolat, 1859 wanted poster (with picture, English)
  3. ↑ JR Starzyk and M. Lessaer: Studies on the distribution, morphology and biology of Tetrops starki Chevr. (Col., Cerambycidae). In: Journal of Applied Entomology. 86 (1-4), pp. 35-46, Blackwell, 1985, p. 40.
  4. ↑ Hüseyin Özdikmen, Semra Turgut: The Genus Tetrops Stephens, 1829 with a new subspecies, Tetrops praeustus ssp. n. from Turkey (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae). In: Mun. Ent. Zool. 3 (2), pp. 621–635, 2008 full text (PDF, English; 777 kB)
  5. ↑ Volker Neumann et al .: Red list of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Saxony-Anhalt. 2nd version, as of February 2004. In: Red Lists Saxony-Anhalt. Reports of the State Office for Environmental Protection Saxony-Anhalt, 39, p. 299–304, 2004, p. 302 full text (PDF; 100 kB)
  6. ↑ NLWKN: List of Species Specially or Strictly Protected in Lower Saxony - Table Part B: Invertebrates. As of November 1, 2008 (corrected version September 1, 2009). Informationsdienst Naturschutz Niedersachsen 4/2008, pp. 1–51, 2008, p. 41 full text (PDF)
  7. ↑ Karl Adlbauer: 2. Addendum to the longhorn beetle fauna of Styria under the aspect of species threat (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Joannea Zool. 3, pp. 83-104, 2001, p. 100 full text (PDF; 1.21 MB)
  8. ↑ Erwin Holzer: European Protected Area Feistritzklamm-Herberstein. List of species Coleoptera (beetles). Status: January 23, 2016, full text (PDF)
  9. ^ A. Villiers: Les Tetrops de l'Europe occidentale (Col. Cerambycidae Lamiinae Tetraopini). L'Entomologiste, 33, 2, pp. 53-57, 1977
  10. ^ A. Villiers: Faune des Coléoptères de France, I, Cerambycidae. Lechevalie 1978
  11. ↑ C. Holzschuh: Contribution to the knowledge of the European Tetrops species (Cerambycidae, Col.). Koleopterologische Rundschau, 55, pp. 77-89, 1981 ( PDF )
  12. ↑ Tetropini Lamiaires du Monde (lamiinae.org)

literature

  • A. Chevrolat: Tetrops Starkii n. Sp. de Longicorne. Ann. Soc. Eni. Fri., ser. 3, 7th Bull., Pp. 134-137, 1859 (first description).
  • C. Holzschuh: Contribution to the knowledge of the European Tetrops species (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera). Koleopterologische Rundschau, 55, pp. 77-89, 1981.
  • C. Holzschuh: New longhorn beetles from Anatolia and Iran (COL CARAMBYCIDAE) , Koleopterologische Rundschau, Volume 53, 1977, pages 127-136. (online PDF) ( Memento from August 3, 2019 in the Internet Archive )

Web links

Commons : Tetrops starkii  - collection of images, videos and audio files