Weaver bucks

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Weaver bucks
Brown-tied ram (Acanthocinus griseus)

Brown-tied ram ( Acanthocinus griseus )

Systematics
Order : Beetle (Coleoptera)
Subordination : Polyphaga
Partial order : Cucujiformia
Superfamily : Chrysomeloidea
Family : Longhorn beetle (Cerambycidae)
Subfamily : Weaver bucks
Scientific name
Lamiinae
Latreille , 1825
Head of the Asian longhorn beetle ( Anoplophora glabripennis ) with hypognathic chewing apparatus
Tibia and tarsal limbs of a hind leg of the brown carpenter's buck ( Acanthcinus griseus )
A single-colored longhorn buck ( Monochamus sutor ) on a freshly felled, not yet debarked conifer suitable for laying eggs

The Weberbok (Lamiinae) ( English flat-faced longhorns ) are a subfamily of the longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae). They are by far the most species-rich subfamily of the longhorn beetles and with more than 21,000 species in around 3000 genera distributed worldwide. The subfamily comprises more than half of all longhorn beetle species and is only surpassed in species diversity by the subfamily of longhorn beetles in the narrower sense in some regions of the world, for example in Australia, southern South America and parts of North America.

features

Beetle

In general, the Lamiinae among the longhorn beetles can be easily recognized by their hypognathic (rearward-facing) chewing apparatus with an obliquely rearward-pointing mouth opening and downward-pointing lower jaws. From this jaw position and the vertical forehead region , the Lamiinae have received the common name flat-faced longhorn beetles (" flat-faced longhorn beetles "). Difficulties in assigning them to the Lamiinae can only arise in some tropical tribes. The main diagnostic criterion, which makes it possible to classify all representatives of this subfamily, are the oval-shaped and at the end rather pointed lower jaw probes . With all other longhorn beetles these are triangular and cut off at the apex. An outer groove along the tibia (shinbones) is typical for most species of the Lamiinae .

The eyes are always limited to the upper part of the beetle sides.

The beetles are 2.4 to 100 millimeters long. The large beetles live mainly in the tropical latitudes, for example Pseudomeges varioti from the tribe Monochamini or the species of Batocerini such as Rosenbergia mandibularis .

Larvae

The larvae have an elongated head and no or only very rudimentary legs. They are round in cross-section to clearly flattened dorsoventrally. The clypeus is trapezoidal but not narrowed. The mandibles are not rounded as in the larvae of other longhorn beetle subfamilies, but they have various other shapes. The yeast-like symbionts in certain cells of the midgut, which play a role in digestion, are absent in the larvae of the Lamiinae.

Dolls

The pupae of the Lamiinae are completely white and can be easily distinguished from the other longhorn beetles by their broad head with parallel sides. The antennae, if they are very long, form loops around the doll's body (e.g. with the Acanthocinini) or are typically rolled up in a spiral (Lamiini, Batocerini).

Way of life

development

The females lay their eggs in fresh dead wood or in living parts of plants, but they do not use barked trees or heavily rotted wood or long-term dry wood to lay eggs. Usually they work the laying site with their mandibles and then use the ovipositor to lay the eggs individually or in small groups. The eggs of the Lamiinae are usually somewhat larger than those of other subfamilies of the longhorn beetles. The development usually takes place very quickly by skipping some larval stages, the minimum number observed is three larval stages. Only a few genera, for example from the Dorcadini tribe, develop in the ground and feed on subterranean parts of plants. The larvae of the gray-winged earthbuck ( Iberodorcadion fuliginator ) feed on grass roots, for example. Only in these genera does the pupa develop outside the host plant, in all others within. With some species that feed within lianas, it happens that they seek out the tree on which the liana grows to pupate. The development time of the larvae in the wood is several years. You can do great damage such. B. on construction and tropical timber.

nutrition

While the larvae feed mainly on dead wood, the adult beetles of the Lamiinae eat fresh plant tissue, bark or mushrooms. They are rarely found on flowers and hardly feed on pollen and nectar, like some other long-tailed beetles. The beetles are relatively long-lived and the life expectancy for the adults, especially the large species, is several months.

Research history

The delimitation of the subfamily goes back to Latreille . As Latreille himself explains, after going blind he was commissioned by Lamarck to take over his lectures at the Jardin Royal des Plantes on invertebrates . In order to do justice to this task, the entomologist Latreille dealt with the systematics of the entire animal kingdom and, as a result of his studies, published a book in 1825 with the title Familles naturelles du règne animal, exposées succinctement et dans un ordre analytique avec l'indication de leurs genres ( fr. The natural families of the animal kingdom, summarized and presented in an analytical order with details of the corresponding genera ). In it he divided the family of the Cerambyciden (led by him under the name Longicornes - long probe) into five tribes: Prionii, Cerambycini, Necydalides, Lamiariae, and Lepturetae. In adaptation to the nomenclature rules in force today, the tribes essentially became the subfamilies with the word endings -inae, (Prioninae, Cerambycinae, Lepturinae and Lamiinae). The Lamiinae include the longhorn beetles at Latreille, in which the eyes partially enclose the deflection of the antennae and the end links of the lip and jaw palpation are egg-shaped (and not cylindrical) and end pointed (not truncated). The head is perpendicular to the body axis.

Naming

The genus Lamia , which gave the subfamily its name and was still broad at the time, was established by Fabricius in 1775. As was not uncommon back then, the generic name Lamia ( Greek , Λαμία or Λάμια) was borrowed from Greek mythology. The name Weberböck derives from the German name of the species Lamia textor .

Systematics and taxonomy

The subfamily Lamiinae is monophyletic and has some apomorphies . It is divided into numerous tribes .

A selection of the species can be found in the longhorn systematics .

Tribe

The division into Triben was mainly based on morphological criteria, which, however, do not always indicate a common ancestry. Features such as B. winglessness, can have developed several times in parallel in the course of evolution and do not necessarily mean that these species are related. Hence the internal systematics of the Lamiinae is unstable and requires future revisions. An investigation of the Australian Lamiinae in 2013 showed an increase in the number of species described from 440 to 550 since 1947, but a reduction in the genera from 100 to 74.

Below is an overview of the Lamiinae tribes. The original compilation was based on the BioLib database , but has been updated based on the data in Lamiinae of the World . The differences between the two databases are summarized again below the list. There are currently a total of 83 tribes.

(The figures on genera and species are only used to estimate size and are constantly changing. For the genera, the sub-genera and for the species the sub-species are also counted. Status: August 2019)

  1. Acanthocinini Blanchard, 1845 • 372 genera 2,026 species
  2. Acanthoderini Thomson, 1860 • 72 genera 585 species
  3. Acanthomerosternoplonini Tippmann, 1955 • 3 genera 11 species
  4. Acmocerini Thomson, 1864 • 7 genera 34 species
  5. Acrocinini Swainson, 1840 • 1 genus 1 species
  6. Aderpasini Breuning & Téocchi, 1977 • 1 genus 9 species
  7. Aerenicini Lacordaire, 1872 • 28 genera 146 species
  8. Agapanthiini Mulsant, 1839 • 92 genera 727 species
  9. Ancitini Aurivillius, 1917 • 1 genus 27 species
  10. Ancylonotini Lacordaire, 1869 • 33 genera 171 species
  11. Anisocerini Thomson, 1860 • 26 genera 86 species
  12. Apomecynini Thomson, 1860 • 242 genera 1,842 species
  13. Astathini Pascoe, 1864 • 24 genera 190 species
  14. Batocerini Lacordaire, 1869
  15. Calliini Thomson, 1864
  16. Ceroplesini Thomson, 1860
  17. Cloniocerini Lacordaire, 1872
  18. Colobotheini Thomson, 1860
  19. Compsosomatini Thomson, 1857
  20. Crossotini Thomson, 1864
  21. Cyrtinini Thomson, 1864
  22. Desmiphorini Thomson, 1860
  23. Dorcadiini Latreille, 1825
  24. Dorcaschematini Thomson, 1860
  25. Elytracanthinini Lane, 1955
  26. Enicodini Thomson, 1860
  27. Epicastini Thomson, 1864
  28. Eunidiini Téocchi et al., 2010
  29. Eupromerini Galileo & Martins, 1995
  30. Forsteriini Tippmann, 1960
  31. Gnomini Thomson, 1864
  32. Gyaritini Breuning, 1956
  33. Heliolini Breuning, 1951
  34. Hemilophini Thomson, 1868
  35. Homonoeini Thomson, 1864
  36. Hyborhabdini Aurivillius, 1911
  37. Lamiini Latreille, 1825 (earlier also including Monochamini )
  38. Laticraniini Lane, 1959
  39. Mauesiini Lane, 1956
  40. Megabasini Thomson, 1864
  41. Mesosini Thomson, 1860
  42. Microcymaturini Breuning & Téocchi, 1985
  43. Moneilemini Thomson, 1864
  44. Monochamini Gistel, 1848 • 260 genera 1549 species
  45. Morimonellini Lobanov & al., 1981 • 1 genus 1 species
  46. Morimopsini Lacordaire, 1869
  47. Neohippopsini Breuning, 1951 • 1 genus 1 species
  48. Neopachystolini Aurivillius, 1922 • 16 genera 36 species
  49. Nyctimeniini Gressitt, 1951
  50. Obereini Pascoe, 1864 • 3 genera 540 species
  51. Oculariini Breuning, 1950
  52. Onciderini Thomson, 1860
  53. Onocephalini Storm, 1843
  54. Onychogleneini Aurivillius, 1923 • 1 genus 1 species
  55. Parmenini Mulsant, 1839
  56. Petrognathini Blanchard, 1845
  57. Phacellini Lacordaire, 1872
  58. Phantasini Hunt & Breuning, 1957
  59. Phrissomini Thomson, 1860
  60. Phrynetini Thomson, 1864
  61. Phytoeciini Mulsant, 1839
  62. Pogonocherini Mulsant, 1839
  63. Polyrhaphidini Thomson, 1860
  64. Pretiliini Martins & Galileo, 1990
  65. Proctocerini Aurivillius, 1921
  66. Prosopocerini Thomson, 1868
  67. Protonarthrini Thomson, 1864
  68. Pteropliini Thomson, 1860
  69. Rhodopinini Gressitt, 1951
  70. Saperdini Mulsant, 1839 (earlier also including Phytoeciini )
  71. Stenobiini Breuning, 1950
  72. Sternotomini Thomson, 1860
  73. Tapeinini Thomson, 1857
  74. Tetraopini Thomson, 1860 (earlier including Tetropini)
  75. Tetraulaxini Breuning & Téocchi, 1976
  76. Tetropini Portevin, 1927 • 3 genera 29 species
  77. Theocridini Thomson, 1858
  78. Tmesisternini Thomson, 1860
  79. Tragocephalini Thomson, 1857
  80. Xenofreini Bates, 1885
  81. Xenoleini Lacordaire, 1869
  82. Xylorhizini Lacordaire, 1872
  83. Zygocerini Lacordaire, 1872

The Lamiines of the World database has been updated and the following differences to BioLib have been made :

The following tribes were merged or renamed:

  • The tribe Crinotarsini Lacordaire, 1872 with the genera Crinotarsus and Sormida is now included in the tribe Desmiphorini.
  • The tribe Emphytoeciini Lacordaire, 1872 with the genera Emphytoecia and Itheum is now included in the tribe Pteropliini.
  • The tribe Pachystolini Aurivillius, 1922 is now called Neopachystolini.
  • The tribe Velorini Thomson, 1864 is included with the three genera Velora , Phyxium and Probatodes in the tribe Desmiphorini, the genus Parapolyacanthia was moved to the tribe Acanthoderini.

Compared to BioLib in Lamiinae of the World, the Triben were added :

  • Ancitini
  • Monochamini
  • Morimonellini
  • Neohippopsini
  • Neopachystolini
  • Obereini
  • Onychogleneini
  • Phytoeciini
  • From the Tetraopini Thomson, 1860 the genus Tetrops was spun off and placed in its own tribe Tetropini Portevin, 1927.

research

Scientific descriptions of the species and their classifications have been known since the nineteenth century. In the early description scientific synonyms for Lamiinae are sometimes used. Examples: Clinocéphalides (Mulsant, 1839), Lamiariae (Latreille, 1825), Lamiens (Latreille, Planet, 1924), Lamiides (Latreille, Mulsant, 1863), Lamiitae (Latreille, Thomson, 1860), Lamitae (Latreille, Thomson, 1864 ), Metaulacnemitae (Thomson, 1864). Significant services and numerous publications on the subject of the Lamiinae are attributed to Stephan von Breuning . Even in the 21st century, research into the Lamiinae is not over. As of 2019, the assignment of 4 genera and 2 species is considered unsecured. Species are continuously being reclassified or newly described. In addition to classical biological research, paleobiology also deals with Lamiinae. Corresponding finds are known in the Paleobiology Database .

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Erwin Stresemann , Bernhard Klausnitzer : Stresemann - excursion fauna of Germany. Volume 2: Invertebrates: Insects. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 11th edition, 2011, ISBN 3-8274-2451-8 , p. 496.
  2. ↑ Jean-Philippe Roguet: Lamiaires du Monde - Lamiines of World , lamiinae.org, 2004–2019, accessed on August 1, 2019.
  3. ↑ a b c P. Svacha, JF Lawrence: Cerambycidae Latreille, 1802. In: Richard AB Leschen, Rolf G. Beutel, John F. Lawrence, NP Kristensen (ed.): Handbook of Zoology. Arthropoda, Insecta, Coleoptera. Volume 3. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2014, ISBN 978-3-11-027370-0 , pp. 158–159.
  4. ↑ a b P. Svacha, JF Lawrence: Cerambycidae Latreille, 1802. In: Richard AB Leschen, Rolf G. Beutel, John F. Lawrence, NP Kristensen (ed.): Handbook of Zoology. Arthropoda, Insecta, Coleoptera. Volume 3. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2014, ISBN 978-3-11-027370-0 , p. 160.
  5. ^ Edmund Reitter: Fauna Germanica, entry: Lamiinae .
  6. ↑ Günter Köhler (Ed.): Müller / Bährmann Identification of invertebrates: picture panels for zoological identification exercises and excursions. Edition 7, Springer-Verlag, 2014, page 78, ISBN 978-3-642-55395-0 (reading sample: books.google.de ).
  7. ↑ a b P. Svacha, JF Lawrence: Cerambycidae Latreille, 1802. In: Richard AB Leschen, Rolf G. Beutel, John F. Lawrence, NP Kristensen (ed.): Handbook of Zoology. Arthropoda, Insecta, Coleoptera. Volume 3. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2014, ISBN 978-3-11-027370-0 , p. 157.
  8. ↑ Piere André Latreille: Familles naturelles du règne animal, exposés succinctement ... Paris 1825 p.401
  9. ^ Sigmund Schenkling: Nomenclator coleopterologicus 2nd edition, Jena 1922
  10. ↑ Bousquet, Heffern, Bouchard, Nearns: Catalog of family-group names in Cerambycidae (Coleoptera)., 2009 Magnolia Press, ZOOTAXA (online PDF) ( Memento from September 30, 2017 in the Internet Archive ).
  11. ↑ A. Ṥlipiski, HE Escalona: Australian Long-horn Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Volume 1: Introduction and Subfamily Lamiinae. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne 2013.
  12. ^ KC McKeown: Catalog of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of Australia. Memoirs of the Australian Museum, 10, pp. 1-190, 1947.
  13. ↑ a b c BioLib, zs: Taxon profile , entry: Lamiinae , accessed on August 2, 2019.
  14. ↑ a b c Lamiines of World, Overview of New Species and Publications , accessed August 2, 2019.
  15. ↑ Entomologische Nachrichten, Edition 7, 1882, pages 101-102 (online PDF) ( Memento of August 2, 2019 in the Internet Archive ).
  16. ↑ Paleobiology Database : Subfamily Lamiinae Latreille , Entry: PaleoDB taxon number: 70756 , accessed August 2, 2019.
  17. ↑ Paleobiology Database : Parmenops Schaufuss 1891 (longhorned beetle) , entry: PaleoDB taxon number: 262720 , accessed on August 2, 2019.

literature

  • Larry G. Bezark, Maria Helena M. Galileo, Antonio Santos-Silva: Two new species of Lamiinae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from the Neotropical Region . In: Zootaxa . tape 4085 , no. 1 , March 1, 2016, p. 135-140 , doi : 10.11646 / zootaxa.4085.1.7 , PMID 27394293 .
  • Juan Pablo Botero, Antonio Santos-Silva: Four new species, taxonomic, and nomenclatural notes in Hammatoderus Gemminger & Harold, 1873 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) . In: Zootaxa . tape 4231 , no. 3 , February 12, 2017, p. 377-397 , doi : 10.11646 / zootaxa.4231.3.5 , PMID 28264416 .
  • Eugenio H. Nearns, Patrice Bouchard, Daniel J. Heffern, Yves Bousquet: Catalog of family-group names in Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) . In: Zootaxa . tape 2321 , no. 1 , 2009, p. 1–80 ( mapress.com. [PDF]).
  • Stephan Breuning: Revision of 35 genera from the group of Saperdini Muls. In: Entomological work from the Museum Gg. Frey. Volume 5, 1954, pp. 401-567. ( cerambyx.uochb.cz PDF).
  • Ubirajara R. Martins, Maria Helena M. Galileo: New species of Esthlogena s. st. Thomson (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) . In: Revista Brasileira de Entomologia . tape 55 , no. 2 , 2011, ISSN  0085-5626 , p. 183-186 , doi : 10.1590 / S0085-56262011005000007 .
  • Filip Trnka, Robin Kundrata, Radim Gabriš: Review of Dolichostyrax Aurivillius (Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) in Borneo, with descriptions of three new genera and the first case of (ovo) viviparity in the long-horned beetles . In: ZooKeys . tape 587 , 2016, ISSN  1313-2970 , p. 49-75 , doi : 10.3897 / zookeys.587.7961 , PMID 27408527 .
  • Ludwig Ganglbauer: Determination tables of the European Coleoptera. Chapter VII, Cerambycidae. 1881, pp. 681-758 ( cerambycoidea.com PDF).
  • Michal Hoskovec, Martin Rejžek: Lamiinae. In: Longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) of the West Palearctic region. ( cerambyx.uochb.cz ).
  • The Japanese Society of Coleopterology (eds.), 1984. The Longicorn-Beetles of Japan in Color, Kodansha (Tokyo) ISBN 4-06-124045-5 .
  • Latreille, 1825. Fam. Nat. Rain anim .: 401.
  • Richard AB Leschen, Rolf G. Beutel: Morphology and Systematics: Phytophaga , Vol. 3: Coleoptera, Walter de Gruyter, 2014, ISBN 978-3-11-027446-2 . ( Partial preview of Googlebooks )
  • I. Loebl & A. Smetana (eds). 2010 Catalog of Palearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 6: Chrysomeloidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark ISBN 978-87-88757-84-2 , p. 207.
  • Monné, ML & MA Monné, 2012: Novos táxons em Acanthocinini sul-americanos (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 56 (3): 281-288.
  • Monné, MA, Monné, ML & Botero, JP 2017. New genus and species of Neotropical Colobotheini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4276 (3): 446-450.
  • Nearns, EH & Santos-Silva, A. 2016. Two new species of Onciderini Thomson, 1860 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) from South America. Zootaxa 4137 (3): 445-450.
  • Ravin, IS & Lingafelter, SW 2015. Review of the genus Urgleptes Dillon (1956) of Hispaniola (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Acanthocinini): descriptions of five new species and one new synonymy. Zookeys 532: 55-85. doi: 10.3897 / zookeys.532.6587
  • Edmund Reitter: Fauna Germanica. The beetles of the German Empire. Stuttgart: KG Lutz, 1912, pp. 53-54
  • Bernhard Klausnitzer (Ed.): Stresemann - Exkursionsfauna von Deutschland, Volume 2: Invertebrates: Insects , Issue 11, Springer-Verlag, 2011, pages 496 ff., ISBN 978-3-8274-2452-5 . ( Partial preview online )
  • Wappes, JE, Galileo, MHM & Santos-Silva, A. 2017. New species, new records and notes on Lamiinae from Neotropical Region (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Zootaxa 4290 (1): 83-98.
  • Otto Wünsche: The most widespread beetles in Germany , reprint of the original from 1895, page 189, ISBN 978-3-8460-1015-0 . ( Partial preview online )
  • Xiang, LB., Xie, GL. & Wang, WK. 2016. A new species of the genus Pseudotrachystola Breuning (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) from China. Zootaxa 4179 (1): 118-122.
  • Yamasako, J. & Makihara, H. 2017. Review of the genus Anipocregyes Breuning, 1939 with two new species from Borneo (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Mesosini). Zootaxa 4250 (5): 461-474. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa.4250.5.4
  • Bi, WX. & Lin, MY. 2016. A revision of the genus Pseudoechthistatus Pic (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Lamiini). ZooKeys 604: 49-85. doi: 10.3897 / zookeys.604.9049

Web links

Commons : Weberbok (Lamiinae)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files