Stela Adıyaman 1
The Adıyaman 1 stele is a partially preserved late Hittite monument from the area around Adıyaman in southeastern Turkey . It is exhibited in the Adıyaman Archaeological Museum and has inventory number 493. It was discovered by the German ancient historian Friedrich Karl Dörner and the British Hittite scientist John David Hawkins in the summer of 1969 in the Adıyaman library. More detailed information on the origin and location is not available.
description
Only the lower left part of the original stele has been preserved, which in turn is broken in half and badly weathered. A tenon has been preserved at the bottom for insertion into a base. The block is made of limestone and has a total height of 0.90 and a width of 0.30 meters. A god standing on a bull is carved in relief on the front. By the inscription he is identified as the Luwian weather god Tarḫunz . Only the back of the bull is preserved, it is worked in high relief with rounded edges, muscle strands and hair can be seen on the legs. The tail is not curled between the legs, as is usually the case in late Hittite depictions, but rather, as in Assyrian models, hangs straight down with a widened end. The back up to the hips is preserved from God, the head and arms are missing. He wears a long robe and a sword on his belt, the end of which protrudes from behind his body. A piece of his braid is still visible on the shoulder. The free space behind the figure is filled with two rosettes in an unusual way. According to the British Hittite scientist John David Hawkins and the German archaeologist Winfried Orthmann , the god, and above all the bull, have Assyrian influences. Especially the locks of hair on the knees and the tail have clear parallels in Assyrian representations.
The figure of the god standing on a bull is known from Asia Minor and Syria and is considered the forerunner of the Roman soldier god Iupiter Dolichenus . Its central shrine is in Doliche in Kommagene , so that the presumed location of the relief belongs to the area of origin of this god. Similar representations can be found in a relief from Djekke / Cekke in Syria and that of the weather god from Aleppo , both in the Aleppo National Museum . A few reliefs of Jupiter Dolichenus were found in Kommagene, one in 2007 in Doliche itself and a consecration relief in Perrhe in 2001 , which is also exhibited in the Adıyaman Museum.
The left narrow side and the back of the stele are inscribed with a four-line inscription in Luwian hieroglyphics . According to Hawkins, less than half of the text has survived. The legible part forms the end of the text and consists of the consecration to the weather god Tarḫunz as well as the customary final curse formula that threatens anyone who damages the work. The first part, which would provide an identification of the author, is missing, however, due to the presumable location at Adıyaman, a king of Kummuh can be assumed as the author of the text. Kummuh was the late Hittite kingdom, which roughly corresponded to the later Kommagene. From a stylistic point of view, Orthmann dates the relief to the Late Hittite III period, i.e. to around the early 8th century BC. Chr. Hawkins sees linguistic equivalents and similarities of the letter forms to the inscription of Boybeypınarı, which in the reign of Suppiluliuma from 805 to 773 BC. Can be dated BC.
Top, left side and back
Top back
Lower part, left side
literature
- John David Hawkins: Hieroglyphic Hittite Inscriptions of Commagene In: Anatolian Studies 20, 1970 pp. 100-105 Plate XVII.
- Winfried Orthmann : Studies on late Hittite art. (= Saarbrücker contributions to antiquity, vol. 8) Habelt, Bonn 1971, ISBN 978-3774911222 , p. 102, 233, 551 plate 67 f.
- John David Hawkins: Corpus of hieroglyphic Luwian inscriptions . Vol 1. Inscriptions of the Iron Age . Part 1: Introduction, Karatepe, Karkamiš, Tell Ahmar, Maraş, Malatya, Commagene. de Gruyter, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-11-010864-X , pp. 344-345, plates 169-170.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Significant representation of God found in Turkey ( memento of the original from June 28, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
