Stephen Krashen

Stephen Krashen (born May 14, 1941 in Chicago ) is an American linguist , didactic and activist . He is Professor Emeritus at the University of Southern California .

The 5 hypotheses model

Krashen suggested along with Tracy D. Terrell the "natural approach" (natural approach) when learning grammar before. This approach is based on the so-called 5- hypothesis model.

1. Grammar acquisition does not take place through explicit grammar learning, but rather intuitively through language use. (Acquisition Hypothesis)
2. Grammar acquisition is only possible through linguistic input that is slightly above the current language level of the learner. (Input hypothesis)
3. Awareness of abstract grammar knowledge only serves to check the correctness of what has been learned. (Monitor Hypothesis)
4. Nature dictates the most favorable order of grammar acquisition for learning: the sequence in which the linguistic structures of the mother tongue are acquired is also the most favorable when learning a foreign language. (Natural Order Hypothesis)
5. Motivations, needs, attitudes and emotions influence learning, can hinder or promote it. They act as an affective filter . (Affective Filter Hypothesis)

literature

• Jeff MacSwan: Krashen, Stephen D. (1941–). In: Josué M. González: Encyclopedia of Bilingual Education. SAGE Publications, 2008, ISBN 978-1-4129-3720-7 ( beginning of article )
• E. Tschirner: Theory and Practice of the Natural Approach in the 90s. In: German as a Foreign Language. Volume 32, No. 1, 1995, pp. 3-11.