Synagogue (hall)

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Synagogue in Halle (Saale)
Replica portal of the synagogue in Halle on the Great Berlin

The synagogue of Halle (Saale) is the house of worship of the Jewish community in Halle (Saale) , which had 555 members in 2018 .

history

The building was originally built in 1894 as the Tahara House of the Jewish cemetery, which was laid out northeast of downtown Halle in 1864, according to plans by the architects Gustav Wolff and Theodor Lehmann from white and yellow bricks. The conversion to a synagogue took place from 1948 after some renovations (consecrated in 1953) as a replacement for the old synagogue in the city center , which was destroyed during the November pogroms in 1938 .

An attack was carried out on the synagogue and the cemetery on October 9, 2019 .

architecture

It is a simple hall building in the Moorish style with large arched windows . A tower in the middle of the front bears one of the characteristic four onion domes . Since the corners were also emphasized, a richly structured three-tower facade was created.

Furnishing

When it was redesigned as a synagogue, the sacred building received various fixtures: Almemor , Torah shrine , stalls and a women's gallery were added. The east entrance had to be closed for the Torah shrine, as this - as is traditionally customary - was placed in front of the east wall.

Previous buildings

The old Halle synagogue on Kleine Brauhausstrasse (around 1900)

By the High Middle Ages at the latest there were Jews in Halle. It is uncertain whether they can be proven as early as 965, when Ibrahim ibn Yaqub traveled from Magdeburg to Prague and mentioned a Jewish salt works on the Saale. They can only be proven with certainty in 1184, when they had to pay a fee to the newly founded collegiate monastery in Seeburg Castle .

Soon a separate Jewish quarter formed, the Judendorf , which was located in the area of ​​today's Friedemann-Bach-Platz and Moritzburg on today's Schlossberg. Halle's first synagogue was built there, as well as its own cemetery at the point where the Jägerberg rises today. This synagogue was first mentioned in 1314. Although the Jews were alternately under the protection of the Archbishop of Magdeburg and the nearby Neuwerk Monastery , the settlement was repeatedly the target of attacks. Since the community was considered to be the largest in Central Germany after the one in Erfurt, it was also repeatedly blackmailed financially until it was finally expelled by Archbishop Ernst von Magdeburg in 1493 .

Only in the late 17th century did Jews return to Halle and re-establish a Jewish community. The synagogue in the Große Brauhausstraße was built around 1700. This was destroyed in 1724 and rebuilt soon afterwards. The synagogue was renovated in 1829, but the population of Halle increased as a result of economic growth and the sacred building was soon too small again. A synagogue building association was formed and a new building was designed based on the model of the New Synagogue in Berlin . The inauguration took place in 1870; an expansion was necessary as early as 1894.

The synagogue monument in the backyard between Großer Brauhausstraße and Großer Berlin as well as a replica of the main portal on Großer Berlin, which was built in 1985 and serves as a memorial, remind of the building that was destroyed in 1938. In addition, the square was nicknamed Jerusalemer Platz .

See also

literature

  • Holger Brülls: Demonstration of Jewish identity in the metropolis of the 19th and 20th centuries. Synagogues and cemetery buildings in Halle. In: Werner Freitag, Katrin Minner, Andreas Ranft (eds.): History of the city of Halle, Volume 2, Halle in the 19th and 20th centuries. Mitteldeutscher Verlag , Halle 2006, ISBN 3-89812-383-9 , pp. 176-188, pp. 415-431.
  • Holger Brülls, Thomas Dietzsch: Architectural Guide Halle on the Saale . Dietrich Reimer, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-496-01202-1 .
  • Holger Brülls, Dorothee Honekamp: City of Halle. (= Monument Directory Saxony-Anhalt , Volume 4.) Fly head publishing house, Halle (Saale) 1996, ISBN 3-910147-62-3 .
  • Dehio manual of German art monuments, Saxony Anhalt II, administrative districts Dessau and Halle. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-422-03065-4 .
  • Volker Dietzel: 300 years of Jews in Halle. Life, achievement, suffering, wages. Festschrift for the 300th anniversary of the Jewish community in Halle. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle (Saale) 1992, ISBN 3-354-00786-9 .
  • Michael Pantenius: City Guide Halle. Gondrom Verlag, Bindlach 1995, ISBN 3-8112-0816-0 .

Web links

Commons : Synagoge (Halle)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Commons : Synagogue Memorial (Halle)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Brülls / Honekamp, ​​p. 225.
  2. ^ Dehio, p. 301.
  3. ↑ Brülls / Dietzsch, p. 131.
  4. ↑ Dietzel, p. 10.
  5. ↑ Dietzel, p. 12. For the certificate, see Regesta archiepiscopatus Magdeburgensis, 1, p. 703 (see online edition of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek ).
  6. ↑ Dietzel, pp. 10-11.
  7. ^ Wilhelm Jahn, Halle's oldest fortification in the northwest and the Jewish village. In: New communications from the field of historical and antiquarian research 27 (1885) 1, Halle 1885, pp. 498–513, here p. 503. The document reads: ... est circa portam quondam synagoge iudeorum (German: is at the portal of the former Jewish synagogue).
  8. ^ Gustav Hertzberg: History of the city of Halle on the Saale in the Middle Ages. Illustrated from the sources , Halle 1889, pp. 49–50.
  9. ^ Halle / Saale (Saxony-Anhalt) , From the history of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area, accessed on October 11, 2019.
  10. ↑ Christina Willing, Andrea Stech: Jewish history in our environment (pdf), accessed on October 11, 2019.
  11. ↑ Synagogue Monument and Jerusalemer Platz , Halle im Bild, accessed on October 11, 2019.

Coordinates: 51 ° 29 ′ 36 ″  N , 11 ° 58 ′ 49 ″  E