Synhalonia

Synhalonia
	Synhalonia sp. when collecting nectar from Phlomis viscosa in Israel
Systematics
Order :	Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera)
Superfamily :	Apoidea
without rank:	Bees (Apiformes)
Family :	Real bees (Apidae)
Genre :	Synhalonia
Scientific name
	Synhalonia
	Patton , 1879

Synhalonia is a genus of the Apidae family within the bees . In German these bees are called " long horn bees ", but the German name also applies to related genera and corresponds to the Eucerini tribe. Sometimes the genus Synhalonia is understood as a subgenus or synonym of Eucera .

The genus has over 100 species found in the New and Old World. There are 28 species in the West Palearctic. There are only two types in Central Europe.

features

Synhalonia bees are relatively large, around 9 to 19 mm long. They resemble the fur bees . The males have very elongated antennae (sometimes almost body length) and a yellow head shield. The females usually have light-colored hair bands on the tergites and dense collective hair on the hind legs. There are three cubital cells in the fore wing.

Way of life

The species of the genus Synhalonia are solitary, pollen- collecting and nest-building bees. They collect pollen from different plants, so they are polylectic. They nest in self-dug nests in the ground.

Systematics

Synhalonia is closely related to or even belongs to Eucera . For more details see Eucerini .

species

European species, list not exhaustive, essentially after.

Synhalonia alterans , Spain, Portugal, France, Balkans, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Israel, North Africa,
Synhalonia hungarica , Spain, Italy, Switzerland (Valais), Austria (Burgenland and Lower Austria), Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Greece, Crete, Turkey, Israel, to the Caucasus.
Synhalonia lucasi , Greece, Turkey, North Africa
Synhalonia mediterranea , Spain, Greece, Israel, Libya
Synhalonia plumigera , Greece, Romania, Turkey, Middle East
Synhalonia pollinaris , Hungary, Romania, Ukraine, Turkey
Synhalonia quilisi , Spain including the Balearic Islands
Synhalonia rufa , Spain, France, Croatia, Greece, Israel, Turkey, North Africa
Synhalonia tricincta , Portugal, Spain, Italy, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Ukraine, Greece, Turkey, Middle East, North Africa, (unclear message for Austria)
Synhalonia zeta , Greece, Turkey, Middle East

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b A. Dorchin, Margarita M. López-Uribe, Christophe J. Praz, Terry S. Griswold, Bryan N. Danforth: Phylogeny, new generic-level classification, and historical biogeography of the Eucera complex (Hymenoptera: Apidae) . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . tape 119 , February 1, 2018, ISSN 1055-7903 , p. 81–92 , doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2017.10.007 ( sciencedirect.com [accessed August 29, 2019]).
↑ ^a ^b ^c Checklist | Checklist of the Western Palaearctic Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Retrieved April 28, 2020 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Erwin Scheuchl, Wolfgang Willner: Pocket dictionary of wild bees in Central Europe . 1st edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2016, ISBN 978-3-494-01653-5 .

[doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.10.007-1] A. Dorchin, Margarita M. López-Uribe, Christophe J. Praz, Terry S. Griswold, Bryan N. Danforth: Phylogeny, new generic-level classification, and historical biogeography of the Eucera complex (Hymenoptera: Apidae) . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . tape 119 , February 1, 2018, ISSN 1055-7903 , p. 81–92 , doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2017.10.007 ( sciencedirect.com [accessed August 29, 2019]).

[:0-2] Checklist | Checklist of the Western Palaearctic Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Retrieved April 28, 2020 .

[ScheuchlWillner-3] Erwin Scheuchl, Wolfgang Willner: Pocket dictionary of wild bees in Central Europe . 1st edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2016, ISBN 978-3-494-01653-5 .