Real bees

Real bees
A honey bee on a marjoram flower
Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta) Order : Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera) Subordination : Waist Wasps (Apocrita) Superfamily : Apoidea without rank: Bees (Apiformes) Family : Real bees
Scientific name
Apidae
Latreille , 1802

The real bees (Apidae) are a family of bees (Apiformes) within the superfamily Apoidea from the order of the hymenoptera (Hymenoptera). The family contains 6,035 species in 172 genera. It is divided into three subfamilies: Apinae , Xylocopinae and Nomadinae . The nomadinae are breeding parasites (cuckoo bees), the others nest mostly in wood (Xylocopinae) or have nests. Social lifestyle is common.

In older works, the Apidae family is often limited to the basket collectors and all other groups are split off as the Anthophoridae family . Because of the paraphyletic status of the Anthophoridae, this view is considered outdated.

Genera and species (selection)

Especially with regard to Central Europe

Apinae

• Honey bees ( apis )
• Bumblebees ( Bombus ) including parasites bumblebees ( Bombus ( Psithyrus ))
• Mourning bees ( Melecta )
• Spotted Bees ( Thyreus )
• Amegilla
  • Amegilla garrula
• Eucera
  • Eucera cineraria
  • Eucera pollinosa
• Tetralonia
  • Tetralonia macroglossa (= Eucera macroglossa)
• Anthophora
  • Anthophora albigena
  • Anthophora balneorum
  • Anthophora canescens
  • Anthophora furcata
  • Anthophora garrula
  • Anthophora mucida
  • Anthophora pubescens
  • Anthophora quadrifasciata
  • Anthophora salviae
• Jewelery bees ( Epeoloides )
• In the Neotropic z. B. Meliponini (with Melipona and Trigona, among others ) and Euglossini ( Euglossa , Eulaema , Eufriesea , Exaerete and Aglae ).

Xylocopinae

• Wood bees ( xylocopa)
  • Xylocopa violacea
• Keulhorn bees ( Ceratina )
  • Ceratina chalcites
  • Ceratina dentiventris
  • Ceratina nigrolabiata

Nomadinae

• Wasp bees ( Nomada )
• Felt bees ( Epeolus )
  • Epeolus alpinus
  • Epeolus productulus
  • Epeolus tristis
• Power bees ( Biastes )
• Ammobates
  • Ammobates punctatus
• Short horn bees ( Pasites )
  • Pasites maculatus
• Steppe gloss bees ( Ammobatoides )
  • Ammobatoides abdominalis
• Jewelery bees ( Epeoloides )
• Triepeolus

literature

• Paul Westrich : The wild bees of Germany , Eugen Ulmer, 2018.
• Paul Westrich , Ulrich Frommer, Klaus Mandery, Helmut Riemann, Haike Ruhnke, Christoph Saure, Johannes Voith: Red List of Germany's Bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) . 4th version, December 2007, pp. 33-87 (therein Red List and Directory of Bees in Germany , from pp. 46, 555 of the 560 species known in Germany); wildbienen.info (PDF; 592 kB)
• Ch. D. Michener: The Bees of the World . Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2000, ISBN 978-0-8018-8573-0 , 913 pp.

Web links

Commons : Real bees (Apidae)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ John D. Plant, Hannes F. Paulus : Evolution and Phylogeny of Bees. Review and Cladistic Analysis in Light of Morpholocical Evidence (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) . In: Zoologica . tape 161 , 2016, p. 364 .