Túmulo de la Sima

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Túmulo de la Sima
Reconstructed limestone grave

The Túmulo de la Sima (also called Tholos de piedra de la Sima del Valle de Ambrona) is next to the Túmulo de la Peña de la Abuela the second large monumental tomb , which was built between 1999 and 2001 in the Valle de Ambrona near Miño de Medinaceli in the south of the Soria province , excavated in Spain . La Sima is located west of the Laguna de la Sima, at the foot of the Sierra Ministra, on the left bank of the Arroyo Madre, two kilometers southwest of Miño de Medinaceli.

Finds

Palmela tips

The finds and the stratigraphic deposits make the tumulus a unique site on the Iberian Peninsula . Evidence was found for the use of the monument in two phases of the Neolithic (Sima I + II) and one of the bell beaker culture (Sima III) as well as traces of subsequent intrusion .

The discovery of a large limestone mantle at the foot of the tumulus, which is similar to that in Peña de la Abuela, a few kilometers away, makes it possible to describe the monument as a central grave during the early phase of use. The grave goods of the most recent use by the bell-cup culture were found near the entrance next to four or five burials. They consist of vessels of the maritime style, three copper daggers with barbs, three arrowheads made of flint , two arm protection plates , two copper arrow and lance tips of the palmela type ( Spanish puntas de Palmela ) and a flat copper ax and date from about 2400 BC. Chr.

The limestone grave

The limestone graves ( Spanish tumbas calero ) are collective graves in round cantilevered vaulted structures made of dry masonry , which were built at the beginning of the 4th millennium (Sima I) between 3980 and 3940 BC. Were erected. The structure, closed by a ritual fire, becomes a thick burnt lime chamber, which is later extinguished with plenty of water and completely hardened.

literature

  • Manuela. Rojo Guerra, Iñigo García-Martínez de Lagrán, Rafael Garrido Pena, Guillermo Morán Dauchez: Las "tumbas calero" en el Valle de Ambrona (Soria, España) y su contexto social y ritual. In: Nuno Bicho, Antonio Faustino Carvalho (eds.): Simbolismo, arte e espaços sagrados na pré-história da Península Ibérica: Actas do IV Congresso de Arqueología Penínsular (Faro, 14 a 19 de Setembro de 2004) (= Promontoria Monográfica. 5). Universidade do Algarve - Centro de Estudos de Património, Faro 2006, ISBN 972-99693-5-3 , pp. 123-134.
  • Manuel A. Rojo Guerra, Michael Kunst, Rafael Garrido Pena, Iñigo García Martínez de Lagrán, Guillermo Morán Dauchez: Un desafío a la eternidad. Tumbas monumentales del Valle de Ambrona (= Arqueología en Castilla y León. Memorias. 14). Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid 2005, ISBN 84-9718-319-3 , pp. 69-72.
  • Carmen Cutiérrez Sáez, Ignacio Martín Lerma, Alba López del Estal, Charles Bashore Acero: The Functionality of Palmela Points as Throwing Weapons and Projectiles: Use-Wear Marks. In: João Marreiros, Nuno Bicho, Juan F. Gibaja (Eds.): International Conference on Use-Wear Analysis. Use-Wear 2012. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastele upon Tyne 2014, ISBN 978-1-4438-6816-7 , pp. 442-456.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Palmela type, dated to around 2250–2000 BC. BC, is a flat, pointed, leaf-shaped blade with a handle. The average length of the palmelas of the Iberian Peninsula is 9.2 cm. The tips are the largest of this type of object, the main characteristic of which is the rhomboid shape and a very narrow stem. Whether the larger, heavier palmelas were used as arrowheads or spearheads is an ongoing debate.

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