Julián Apaza

Tupac Katari is a redirect to this article. For other meanings, see Tupac Katari (disambiguation) .

Portrait of Tupaq Katari, Galería de los Patriotas Latinoamericanos

Banner Tupaq Kataris ( Wiphala )

Julián Apaza Nina (also Apasa Nina ), better known under the name Tupaq Katari or Túpac Catari (* 1750 in Ayo Ayo , province of Aroma (today's Bolivia ); † November 15, 1781 in La Paz ) was the leader of an uprising by the indigenous peasant population in Upper Peru (Alto Perú) , today's Bolivia, against the Spaniards in 1781.

Life

Julián Apaza grew up in an Aymara village, where he worked as a sexton and baker . He never learned to read or write and only spoke Aymara .

He adopted the name Tupaq Katari in reference to two other indigenous fighters of his time: José Gabriel Condorcanqui (Tupaq Amaru II) and Tomás Catari ( Tomas Katari , village chief of Chayanta ).

The goals of the Julian Apazas rebellion went beyond those of the wealthy Condorcanqui by combining the demand for the expulsion of the Spaniards with the demand for an end to all exploitation of the peasants. At its height, 40,000 people took part in the uprising. Julián Apaza and his army besieged the city of La Paz twice in 1781 , the second time together with Andrés Túpac Amaru , but both times in vain. His wife Bartolina Sisa and sister Gregoria Apaza gave him important support in organizing the uprising .

The uprising collapsed after the Spanish devastated the provinces from which the supplies came. In 1781, Julián Apaza was captured and quartered in La Paz . Bartolina Sisa took over the duties of Julián Apaza, but fell into the hands of the Spaniards herself in 1782 and was hanged together with Gregoria Apaza in La Paz .

The uprising under Julian Apaza at the end of the 18th century is considered to have the greatest geographical spread, the greatest support and the longest duration of the indigenous uprisings in colonial America. It took the Spanish colonial power two years to defeat them.

Julian Apaza is said to have said the following words before he was executed :

"Naya saparukiw jiwyapxitaxa nayxarusti, waranqa, waranqanakaw tukutaw kut'anipxani ..."
"They only kill me. I will return a million times ... "

literature

• Nicholas A. Robins: Genocide and millennialism in Upper Peru. The Great Rebellion of 1780–1782. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, ISBN 0-275-97569-X [1]
• Scarlett O'Phelan Godoy, Scarlett O'Phelan: La gran rebelión en los Andes. De Túpac Amaru a Túpac Catari. Centro de Estudios Regionales Andinos "Bartolomé de las Casas", 1995, ISBN 84-8387-024-X .
• Pablo Mamani Ramírez: El rugir de las multitudes. La fuerza de los levantamientos indígenas en Bolivia / Qullasuyu. 2004, ISBN 99905-0-563-2 .

Web links

• 1780: La insurrección Tupakarista (in Spanish)
• Great Rebellion of Peru and Upper Peru (in English; MS Word ; 301 kB)