Tawfiq

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Tawfiq

Muhammad Tawfiq Pasha ( Arabic توفيق, DMG Taufīq ; Turkish Tevfik Paşa ; * November 15, 1852 in Cairo ; † January 7, 1892 in Helwan ) was Khedive of Egypt from 1879 to 1892 .

Life

Tawfiql was born in 1852 as the eldest son of Ismail Pasha , the Khedive of the Ottoman province of Egypt . Both came from the dynasty of Muhammad Ali , which from 1867 onwards led the title of Khedive to Egypt instead of a Wali (governor) to express the nominal sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire over the de facto independent Egypt.

Due to the heavy construction activity of his father, especially the participation in the construction costs of the Suez Canal , the national debt had risen sharply. In 1878 the state came completely under international financial supervision. The British Charles Rivers Wilson was appointed finance minister and the French Marquis de Blignières as labor minister in the Egyptian government cabinet under Prime Minister Nubar Pascha . In 1881 the nationalist Urabi movement developed against the international financial control of the country . This turned against the dominant European influence and the autocratic government of the Khedives. In February 1879, after the violent overthrow of the government of Nubar Pasha, Tawfiq obtained the presidency in Egypt for a short time in a new cabinet and took over the office of khedive on June 26, 1879 after his father was ousted. Tawfiq turned to Great Britain , which occupied Egypt in 1882 and crushed the movement. The country remained occupied even after the movement was put down. The British rule in Egypt was the Consul General responsible, who was an adviser to the Khedive, the actual ruler of the country. In the same year, rule over Sudan was lost due to the Mahdi uprising .

Tawfiq died after a brief illness on January 7, 1892. His successor was his eldest son Abbas Hilmi .

Offspring (selection)

  • Abbas Hilmi (July 14, 1874 - December 20, 1944)
  • Muhammad Ali (November 9, 1875 - March 18, 1955)
  • Fakhr un-nisa Khadija (May 21, 1888 - February 22, 1951)
  • Nimatulla (October 23, 1882-1965)

Web links

Commons : Tawfiq  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
predecessor Office successor
Ismail Pasha Khedive of Egypt
1879-1892 		Abbas II.
personal data
SURNAME Tawfiq
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Khedive of Egypt (1879-1892)
DATE OF BIRTH November 15, 1852
PLACE OF BIRTH Cairo
DATE OF DEATH January 7, 1892
Place of death Helwan