Tehuelche (language)
| Tehuelche | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Spoken in |
Argentina | |
| speaker | 4 (as of 2000) | |
| Linguistic classification |
|
|
| Official status | ||
| Official language in | - | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639 -1 |
- |
|
| ISO 639 -2 |
- |
|
| ISO 639-3 |
teh |
|
Tehuelche (own name: aonek'o ʔaʔjen , "language of the southerners") is a language of Argentina (and Chile) belonging to the Chon language family , which was previously spoken by representatives of the Tehuelche peoples throughout Patagonia east of the Andes. In 1983/84, 29 speakers were counted, the majority of whom were over 40 years old at that time; differences in the language proficiency of these speakers were also found.
The last native speaker of Tehuelche died in the 1970s at the latest. According to SIL International , it is an endangered language with status 9 (dormant / inactive)
Phonology
Tehuelche has 25 consonantic and 6 vowel phonemes :
| labial | Dento-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simple plosives | p | t | č | k | q |
| Glottalized plosives | p ' | t ' | č ' | k ' | q ' |
| Voiced plosives | b | d | n | G | |
| Fricatives | s | š | x | X | |
| Approximants | j | w |
Consonantic phonemes that are also present but not listed in the table are the glottal plosive / ʔ /, the lateral sound / l / and the vibrant / r /. The simple plosives in particular, with their glottalized variants, vary from speaker to speaker.
The vowel phonemes of the language are / e /, / e: /, / o /, / o: /, / a / and / a: /.
The accent is firm and falls on the first syllable. The following syllable types occur (C stands for a consonant, V for a vowel): V, CV, VC, CVC, VCC (only word initial), CVCC, CCVC (only word final), CC (only word initial and final), C ( word initial and final only).
morphology
Nominal morphology
Nouns are inherently differentiated according to the genera masculine, feminine and neuter. Pronoun that to exist as free and bound variants lexemes other lexical categories (verbs, nouns, adverbs) affigiert be.
Verbal morphology
There are three modes (realis, irrealis and imperative) and four tenses , two of which are past-related and two are future-related.
Individual evidence
- ↑ 11 languages spoken by 11 people or fewer . 5th December 2013.
- ↑ Fernández Garay, 2004, 3.
- ↑ Hartmut Motz: Languages and Peoples of the Earth - Linguistic-Ethnographic Lexicon. 1st edition, Volume 1, Projekt-Verlag Cornelius, Halle 2007, ISBN 978-3-86634-368-9 . P. 213.
- ↑ Fernández Garay, 2004, 9.
- ↑ Ethnological information according to ISO language code 639-3: teh on ethnologue.com. SIL International , accessed January 9, 2016.
- ↑ All information from Fernández Garay, 2004, 16-19.
- ↑ Fernández Garay (2004, 20-21).
- ↑ Fernández Garay, 2004, 25.
literature
- Ana Fernández Garay: Diccionario Tehuelche-Español. Indice Español-Tehuelche. Escuela de Investigación de Estudios Asiáticos, Africanos y Amerindios. Leiden University, Leiden 2004. ISBN 90-5789-092-5