Tenentismo
Tenentismo , from Portuguese tenente (Eng. Lieutenant ), is the name of a series of rebellions by young officers of the Brazilian military who were dissatisfied with the political situation in Brazil at the beginning of the 1920s . In a broader sense, it was a movement of the then numerically small and politically powerless Brazilian middle class, the country's oligarchy , which dominated politics through coffee cultivation and coffee export. The political power cartel was referred to as the milk coffee policy , with “milk” standing for the cattle-rearing landowners in Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul and “coffee” for the coffee barons in the state of São Paulo .
history
Traditionally, it was part of the self-image of lower officer ranks to take up demands from the people, but the population itself could only vote 1% in elections. Although they did not advocate any ideology , the military-political movements that sought structural reforms in the country's power were divided into the following areas:
- Supporters of the voto de cabresto (voters have the right (but do not have to) vote publicly),
- Followers of voto secreto (secret election),
- Supporters of public education reform and literacy ,
- Freedom of the press and association,
- Tax cuts,
- «Brazil to the Brazilians».
This series of rebellions included the Revolta dos 18 do Forte de Copacabana on July 5, 1922 in Rio de Janeiro , which was bloodily suppressed on the same day , the three-week Revolta Paulista on July 5, 1924 in São Paulo , and an uprising in Rio Grande do Sul in 1925 and the Coluna Prestes from April 1925 to February 1927, which emanated from São Paulo.
None of these revolts was successful. However, they paved the way for the Revolução de 1930 , which actually brought about a structural change in the country's power.
literature
- Nelson Werneck Sodré : História militar do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro (Ed. Civilização Brasileira) 1965.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Leslie Manigat : L'Amérique latine au XXe siècle - 1889–1929 . H146. Éditions du Seuil , Paris 1991, ISBN 978-2-02-012373-0 , pp. 277–280 (première édition aux editions Richelieu 1973).