Thami El Glaoui
Thami El Mezouari El Glaoui , even Tihami al-GLAWI (* 1870 , † 23. January 1956 ) was head of the Glaoua - Berber and Pasha of Marrakech from 1918 to 1955.
Life
The origin of Thami El Glaoui is unknown. He was a foundling who was found only a few days old on the steps of the largest mosque in Marrakech in 1870. He was adopted and raised by the Glaoua Berber tribe, one of the most influential clans in southern Morocco; in 1918 he became the leader of this clan. As Pasha of Marrakech , he supported the French protectorate of Morocco imposed in 1912 with his pro-French policy from Telouet . In return, the French left him a de facto independent rule over large parts of south and south-east Morocco, which he expanded further and further, so that he finally ruled about 1/8 of the country. During this time he had several fortresses ( kasbahs ) built or expanded, including those of Telouet, Ouarzazate , Skoura , Boumalne Dadès and Tinghir .
After the Second World War , French rule came under increasing pressure from the Moroccan national movement. In addition to fighting the nationalists, El Glaoui now also wanted to overthrow Sultan Muhammad V , who had supported the national movement of Morocco in the 1947 speech in Tangier . In February 1951, El Glaoui and his troops advanced to Fez and Rabat and forced Muhammad V to dismiss the nationalists from the government. However, this pressure increased the sultan's popularity considerably. After El Glaoui had even attended the coronation of Elizabeth II in 1953, he was able to force the removal of Muhammad V by the French protectorate administration in August 1953 with a new campaign to northern Morocco.
However, France - even with the support of El Glaoui - was no longer able to stop the independence movement in Morocco and in 1955 had to bring Muhammad V back from exile to Morocco and reinstate him as sultan. With the independence of Morocco (1956) El Glaoui lost its most powerful ally with France and had to submit to Muhammad V. El Glaoui died that same year at the age of 85; his clan's power in southern Morocco was broken.
progeny
His son Hassan El Glaoui (1924–2018) was a famous painter. His illegitimate son Si Brahim El Glaoui (1915-1971) was married from 1955 to 1959 to the French writer and director Cécile Aubry ( Belle & Sebastian ). Their son Mehdi El Glaoui (* 1956) was already famous as an actor as a child and adolescent (including in the TV series Poli and Belle & Sebastian ). He also got a role in the remake as a feature film (2013). He also made two short films and published a book.
See also
literature
- Stephan and Nandy Ronart: Lexicon of the Arab World. A historical-political reference work. ("Concise encyclopaedia of Arabic civilization"). Artemis Verlag, Munich 1972, ISBN 3-7608-0138-2 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Paul Pascon: Le Haouz de Marrakech. Volume 1. Éditions marocaines et internationales, Rabat / Tanger 1977, p. 326
- ^ Film review for the DVD release by Belle & Sebastian in April 2014 , published on April 20, 2014, accessed on April 20, 2014.
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Glaoui, Thami El |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Glaoui, Thami El Mezouari El (full name); Tihami al-Glawi |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Pasha of Marrakech (1918–1955) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1870 |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 23, 1956 |