French Morocco
French Morocco ( French Maroc français ) was a French protectorate in Morocco . It included what is now Morocco, with the exception of Spanish Morocco and the International Zone of Tangier .
history
France and the Sultan of Morocco agreed in the Treaty of Fez of March 30, 1912 on the establishment of a French protectorate in Morocco with the exception of Tangier . The head of state officially remained the sultan. With the conclusion of the Franco-Spanish treaty of November 27, 1912, France granted Spain its own zone of influence in northern Morocco (Zone d'influence espagnole) , Tangier became the center of an international demilitarized area.
The capital of French Morocco was Rabat . After the establishment of the French protectorate, Louis-Hubert Lyautey was the first French general resident from April 28, 1912 to August 25, 1925 . He improved the infrastructure by building schools, factories, settlements, ports and traffic routes . Since he was keen to preserve the traditional old cities, the modern settlements were built outside the respective medina (old town). The country experienced a surge in modernization.
In 1921 the Rifkabylen uprising broke out under the leadership of Abd el-Krim in the Spanish protectorate . The riots also spread to French Morocco. It was not until 1926 that France and Spain were able to largely suppress the uprising, which had escalated into war , using several hundred thousand soldiers . Under Sultan Mohammed V , the Arab nationalist independence movement was able to gain influence.
French Morocco was granted independence on March 2, 1956 and Spanish Morocco on April 7, 1956 .
See also
- List of French General Residents for Morocco
- History of Morocco # Part of the French colonial empire (1912–1956)
literature
- Richard Pennell, Morocco Since 1830: A History. Hurst & Co, London 2000, ISBN 1-85065-273-2 . NYU Press 2001 (Paperback), ISBN 978-0-8147-6677-4 .