Theadelphia
Coordinates: 29 ° 20 ′ 48 ″ N , 30 ° 35 ′ 16 ″ E
Theadelphia (Greek Θεαδέλφεια ) was a Greek city in the province of Krokodilopolis near what is now Batn Ihrid, 30 kilometers northwest of Medinet el-Faijum in Egypt. It was around the 3rd century BC. Inhabited until the 4th century AD.
A total of seven temples are known, of which the main temple was dedicated to the crocodile god Pnepheros. According to an inscription, this was in the 34th year of Ptolemy III. built.
To the west of the place an extensive burial ground was excavated in 1898/1899, which was occupied by the Ptolemaic up to the end of the Roman imperial period .
Numerous papyri have survived from the 1st to 4th centuries, mainly of administrative content, such as tax lists, confirmations of land rights and others. Some contain confirmations for the making of cultic sacrifices as proof of belief by named persons.
Parts of the main temple with the altar are now in the Greco-Roman Museum in Alexandria , other finds in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo . Many papyri are in the papyrus collection of the Egyptian Museum in Berlin .
Proof of cultic sacrifices
literature
- Heinz Kortenaschen : Tax lists from the Roman era from Theadelphia . Berlin 1937. Reprint Milan 1972
- Richard Stillwell, William L. MacDonald, Marian Holland McAlister (Eds.): The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton University Press 1976 ( online )
- Paola Davoli: Papiri, archeologia e storia moderna . In: Atene e Roma (2008), pp. 100–124.
- Paola Davoli: The Archeology of the Fayum . In: Christina Riggs (Ed.): Oxford Handbook to Roman Egypt . Oxford University Press, 2012, pp. 152–170 ( pdf )
- G. Nachtergael: Sceaux et timbres de bois d'Égypte , part 1: En marge des archives d'Hèroninos: Cachets et bouchons d'amphores de Théadelphie . In: Chronique d'Égypte . Volume 75 (2000), pp. 153-170
Individual evidence
- ^ Richard H. Wilkinson: The Complete Temples of Ancient Egypt . Thames & Hudson, London, 2000, p. 137
- ^ Richard Stillwell, William L. MacDonald, Marian Holland McAlister (Eds.): The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton University Press 1976 ( online )
- ^ Theadelphia (Faiyum) in the portal British Excavations in Egypt 1880–1980 , accessed on July 15, 2019.