Two-brood pine coniferous tensioner

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Two-brood pine coniferous tensioner
Brownish form of the two-brood pine coniferous spanner (Thera obeliscata)

Brownish form of the two- brood pine coniferous spanner ( Thera obeliscata )

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Spanner (Geometridae)
Subfamily : Larentiinae
Genre : Thera
Type : Two-brood pine coniferous tensioner
Scientific name
Thera obeliscata
( Huebner , 1787)

The two- brood pine coniferous spanner ( Thera obeliscata ), also known as the brown pine forest leaf spanner , is a butterfly ( moth ) from the spanner family (Geometridae).

features

butterfly

The wingspan of the moth is 25 to 34 millimeters. With regard to the color scheme of the forewings , they show great variability. The basic color ranges from gray-brown to reddish tones. The root area and midfield stand out clearly and can show rust-red, yellow-brown or dark brown colors. The middle field is constricted towards the inner edge . A dark line made up of dots runs along the hem, which is sometimes indistinct. The apex is pointed. The gray-brown hind wings are provided with a small black central spot that clearly protrudes on the underside and a mostly weakly developed dark transverse line.

egg

The egg has an elongated shape and is yellowish to greenish in color. The surface is divided by channels into irregular fields covered with small warts.

Caterpillar

Adult caterpillars are colored green. They show white-yellow side ridge lines and side stripes. At the rear end two small peaks can be seen.

Doll

The greenish or brownish pupa is covered with whitish or yellowish longitudinal lines. The anal tip is red-brown in color.

Similar species

Due to the great color variability and the similar drawing elements, the moths of the variable coniferous wood wrench ( Thera variata ), the sawtooth sensor coniferous wood wrench ( Thera britannica ), the brown line leaf wrench ( Thera cognata ), the gray juniper coniferous wood wrench ( Thera juniperata ), of autumn - Pine coniferous trees ( Pennithera firmata ) as well as Thera cembrae and Pennithera ulicata sometimes difficult to distinguish from some forms of Thera obeliscata . If in doubt, specialists should be consulted for the determination.

Geographical distribution and occurrence

The two-brood pine coniferous tree is widespread in Europe, in the east as far as Siberia , in the south as far as the Caucasus . In the Alps it can still be found at altitudes of over 1500 meters. The species prefers to colonize pine forests.

Way of life

The nocturnal moths fly in a first generation mainly from May to July and in some areas in a second generation from August to October. At night they like to visit artificial light sources . The caterpillars feed on the needles of the Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris ). They hibernate. Pupation takes place in a thin web between the needles.

Danger

The two-brood pine coniferous tree loin is found in all federal states in Germany and is not endangered according to the Red List .

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Walter Forster, Theodor A. Wohlfahrt: The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 .
  2. ↑ a b Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition. tape 8 . Moth VI. Spanner (Geometridae) 1st part. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3497-7 .
  3. ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany . Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster 1998, ISBN 3-89624-110-9 .

literature

  • Manfred Koch , Wolfgang Heinicke, Bernd Müller: We determine butterflies. Volume 4: Spanner. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Neumann, Leipzig / Radebeul 1976, DNB 780451570 .
  • Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 .
  • Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition. tape 8 . Moth VI. Spanner (Geometridae) 1st part. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3497-7 .

Web links

Commons : Two-Brood Pine Coniferous Spider ( Thera obeliscata )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files