Table stove

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Table stove with attached water hull (left on the stove top), oven flap (left), upper combustion chamber door (top right) for refilling by placing logs, lower combustion chamber door (center right) for lighting and mostly with air supply regulator, with ash drawer (lower right) and fuel drawer (at the bottom)
Combined electric coal stove as a table stove in a Frankfurt kitchen : three electric plates and an oven with top and bottom heating (right) and a coal drawer with a warming drawer and plate above (left)

A table stove is a stove whose design resembles a table. He replaced the ground-level open fireplace, where an open fire was lit on the floor and a pot or pan was set up on a tripod and the smoke was drawn off through the smoke kitchen or a fireplace (see also stove # history and designs and fireplace # history of the chimney ).

As a result, the table stove became a (brick or four-legged free-standing) construction with a large hotplate, an oven and a water-ship , but a small firebox. A table stove is mainly intended for cooking, frying and baking food, but there were also extensions with drying ovens and warm storage room. The water ship is either attached or embedded in the hotplate. First and foremost, the draft of the flue gases hits the plate, then it washes around the oven and finally heats the watercraft, ashes fall from the combustion chamber into an ash drawer. Often these stoves are also provided with a bottom-side fuel drawer to hold the firewood or the kindling aids. The stove top is surrounded on all sides by sturdy bars, which on the one hand ensure a safe distance from the hot stove top and are also used to dry damp tea towels or damp clothes or to hang up kitchen appliances .

The advantages of a table stove lie in the possibilities

  • the arbitrary clearance in the room, whereby heat could be radiated in all directions
  • to be able to keep cooked food warm on the stovetop (which was not possible with gas stoves or heating with a tripod )
  • the burning of kindling (branch waste), but there were also constructions for burning petroleum .

as well as the lower waste of fuel than with open fireplaces.

At the beginning of the 20th century , electrically operated table stoves were developed (see electric stove ), and for some years there have also been versions as wood stoves with ceramic hob or with pellet heating as a supplement.

A top stove is usually a table stove with a side or rear attachment, in which one or more baking tubes are housed and above that the watercraft. This arrangement resulted from the belief that a good draft can only be made when the smoke gases move upwards. The hotplate is usually smaller if the top is behind it and the oven takes up more space, but the advantage is that the heat rising in the top can be better used for the oven, at the same time a heating function can be achieved for the installation room. Top-mounted cookers (and also the " armchair cooker " design) are usually provided for additional heating of the installation room .

According to the technical rules of the stove and air heating construction trade in Germany (TR-OL) or according to the Technical Committee of the Austrian Tiled Stove Association, set table and top stoves are counted among those stoves that are handcrafted, individual, on site, stationary and with solid fuel burn.

In addition to the stovetop, fire cupboard and baking compartment, table stoves and top stoves have outer walls either made of stove tiles and heat-storing material, or metallic, two-layer outer surfaces. They can be built on a pedestal. The working height of a table cooker is constant over the entire system, with standard working heights between 88 and 98 cm.

Variants in which heating is in the foreground and cooking only incidentally are known as heating stoves.

history

In contrast to the conventional cookers of the 18th century, iron stoves were offered as table stoves and cheaper "family stoves " in the middle of the 19th century . The development of a closed "economy stove" that helps save fuel goes back largely to the physicist Benjamin Thompson . From around the 1850s , cast iron could also be produced in large plates (see puddling process ). As a result, table stoves were built and sold by hand. While a conventional brick-built cooking stove took up the space under the firebox up to the floor or had an apse for storing fuel, the table stove was "mobile" and stood on four feet. Depending on the size and design, iron table stoves were completely manufactured in the workshop or partially pre-assembled and only completed on site. Tenants could take their iron table or top-mounted stove with them when moving house. That is why apartments sometimes had no solid stoves at all

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Knapp: Deutsche Töpfer- und Ziegler-Zeitung. Knapp, 1874, p. 233, facsimile at ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  2. ↑ a b c TR-OL. Retrieved March 27, 2018 .
  3. ↑ Bayerisches Industrie- und Gewerbeblatt . Lit.-art. Anst., 1874 ( google.de [accessed on March 14, 2018]).
  4. ↑ a b Lohberger Heiz- und Kochgeräte Technologie GmbH. Retrieved March 27, 2018 .
  5. ^ Weber: Illustrated Calendar0. Weber, 1877, p. 51 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  6. ↑ Iris Duchêne: Mechanization processes of housework: their significance for the stress structure of women . Springer-Verlag, 1994, ISBN 978-3-86226-480-3 ( google.de [accessed on March 14, 2018]).
  7. ↑ a b Michael Herrmann, Jürgen Weber: Ovens and chimneys: plan and build space heating systems properly . Beuth Verlag, 2011, ISBN 978-3-410-21308-6 ( google.de [accessed on March 14, 2018]).
  8. ↑ a b Fireplaces from the stove trade - PDF. Retrieved March 28, 2018 .
  9. ↑ Encyclopedia of Bourgeois Architecture, in which all subjects of this art are dealt with in alphabetical order: a manual for state economists, builders and farmers. K-M . Fritsch, 1796 ( google.de [accessed on March 15, 2018]).
  10. ↑ Christian Aschoff: retro | bib - page from Brockhaus Konversationslexikon: Cooking stoves and cooking machines. I. Retrieved March 15, 2018 .
  11. ↑ Bayerisches Industrie- und Gewerbeblatt . Lit.-art. Anst., 1874, p. 313 ( google.de [accessed on March 27, 2018]).
  12. ↑ German Töpfer and Ziegler Newspaper . Knapp, 1874 ( google.de [accessed on March 15, 2018]).
  13. ↑ Josef Wathner's practical iron and iron goods connoisseur, or thorough instructions for the knowledge of iron goods and their types according to the symbols: contains all types of calculations occurring in the iron trade, as well as almost 2500 addresses of iron industrialists from all crown lands of the monarchy; together with 10 detailed calculation tables, a dimension table of the most courant iron types and the symbols of the scythe hammer mills; with an atlas of 31 plates in transverse folio with an extra 2000 lithographed images . Kienreich, 1860 ( google.de [accessed on March 15, 2018]).