Tolania

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Tolania
Tolania dira, specimen from the collection of the Zoological State Collection Munich, from Panguana (Peru).

Tolania dira , specimen from the collection of the Zoological State Collection Munich , from Panguana (Peru).

Systematics
Order : Schnabelkerfe (Hemiptera)
Subordination : Risso cicadas (Cicadomorpha)
Superfamily : Membracoidea
Family : Humpback chirps (Membracidae)
Subfamily : Nicomiinae
Genre : Tolania
Scientific name
Tolania
Stål , 1858

Tolania is a genus of humpback chirps , of which 69 species are currently described. Of these, however, 59 were only described in a 2006 revision. This genus is the most species-rich genus of the Membracidae , it is monophyletic and 10 informal groups of species have been described. The species of the genus Tolania are distributed in the Neotropic , from southern Mexico to northern Argentina, they occur in rain forests and savannas. A particularly large number of species are known from Brazil, some even only from Brazil. T. obtusa and T. inornata are relatively widespread.

The Tolania cicadas have strong bodies and long fore wings that lie open over the abdomen. In contrast to most humpback chirps, these species have a pronotum that does not have a backward-directed process, but mostly two anterior lateral, pointed outgrowths. The females are approx. 6 - 8.5 mm larger than the males with approx. 5 - 7.5 mm, but some species can also be up to 10 mm long. The animals are mostly yellow, orange or brown in color, often with light, reddish or black spots.

Very little is known about their way of life; like other Membracidae , they certainly live on phloem . The species usually only occur individually; some of them were found on light traps. A number of species are known only from a few or even a single animal. A number of species have been discovered through so-called "fogging", ie fogging tree tops with an insecticide or anesthetic. Overall, it can be assumed that a number of other species of Tolania can be found through targeted collection methods .

Web links

Commons : Tolania  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e J. L. Albertson & Ch. H. Dietrich: Revision of the Neotropical treehopper genus Tolania (Hemiptera, Membracidae) . In: Revista brasileira de Zoologia . tape 23 , no. 4 , 2006, p. 915-993 ( scielo.br [PDF]).
  2. ^ A b J. L. Albertson & Ch. H. Dietrich: Systematics and phylogeny of the neotropical treehopper subfamily Nicomiinae (Hemiptera, Membracidae) . In: Revista Brasileira de Zoologia . tape 22 , no. 1 , 2005, p. 231-283 ( ots.ac.cr [PDF]).
  3. ↑ C. Godoy, X. Miranda & K. Nishida: Treehoppers of Tropical America. Ed .: Instituto national de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica. 2006, ISBN 9968-927-10-4 , pp. 1-352 .
  4. ↑ Fogging at ymparisto.fi