Torre Apponale
| Torre Apponale | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Data | |
| place | Riva del Garda |
| Construction year | 13-16 century |
| height | 35 m |
| Coordinates | 45 ° 53 '5.3 " N , 10 ° 50' 24.2" E |
The Torre Apponale is a city tower in Riva del Garda in Trentino .
location
The Torre Apponale is located on the east side of Piazza 3 Novembre in the old town of Riva del Garda, directly at the old port of the city. To the east of the tower is the Rocca , the moated castle and to the west of the Palazzo Pretorio . The tower was once part of the city fortifications that lay within the city walls and had the specific task of protecting the port of Riva.
history
The tower was first mentioned in a document in 1220. In the 13th century, the construction of family towers as defensive and residential towers by wealthy families experienced an upswing in connection with the loss of power of the central authorities and the independence efforts of the places in Italy. In Riva, too, at least two of these towers were built by the Bonvicino and Bellastilla families, although construction had been restricted by both the Prince-Bishop of Trento and the Emperor .
The investiture of the two families by Bishop Albert von Ravenstein in 1220 should also be seen in this context , who, despite orders from his predecessor Friedrich von Wangen , did not have the two towers demolished, but with this subsequent building permit decree in return for himself and his successors Bishop's chair secured free access to these towers.
These privately built towers were also subsequently regulated, for example in the municipal statutes of Riva from 1274, on the basis of which the maximum height was determined, from which it can be concluded that there were more than these two towers known by name at that time. The Torre Apponale, built by the Bonvicino family, was not affected by these restrictions, as it was probably already owned by the bishop or the community at that time.
The tower of the Bonvicini was transformed from a private tower into a defense tower for the defense of the harbor below, which subsequently also had civilian tasks. Documents show that the tower had a tower guard in the 16th century who had to ring the bells when danger was approaching, and the municipal statutes of 1451 mention that it was used as a dungeon .
The Apponale was rebuilt several times and increased in 1555 to 35 meters, while the originally attached to the defense were tower battlements and machicolations by the still recognizable structure with coupled columns and a belfry replaced. In the First World War it served as an observation tower.
Today it is run by the Municipal Museum MAG of Riva del Garda and can be climbed for an admission fee.
description
The Torre Apponale has a square floor plan 7.5 meters wide. It is 35 meters high and made of humpback blocks. The width of the walls is around 2 meters at the base of the tower and decreases towards the balustrade . Due to multiple modifications, the building history of the tower can only partially be traced on the facade. Two tower clocks are located about 22 meters above the ground on the northwest and southwest sides . Above the clocks is the balustrade at a height of about 30 meters, on which the belfry with the coupled columns rests. Among other things, the bell “La Renga”, which was cast in 1532 and which once served as an alarm bell for the city's residents, is hung in the bell cage.
An onion tip adorned the roof until 1920 . Today, the city's landmark, l'Anzolim , an angel made of gilded sheet metal, who blows a trumpet, is mounted on the tower roof .
The tower has two entrances, one on the south-west side at the level of the square and one on the north-west side at a height of 5.5 meters. The latter was the original entrance, which is no longer used today, which was reached via a no longer existing wooden staircase, while the entrance at the level of the square was created later.
literature
- Michele Dalba: Architetture medievali di Riva del Garda tra XII e XIII secolo. In: Gian Pietro Brogiolo: APSAT 3. Paesaggi storici del Sommolago , Società Archeologica srl., Mantua 2013, ISBN 978-88-87115-78-9 .
- Aldo Gorfer: Guida dei Castelli del Trentino , Saturnia, Trento 1965.
- Elisa Possenti, Giorgia Gentilini, Walter Landi, Michela Cunaccia: APSAT 4. Castra, castelli e domus murate. Corpus dei siti fortificati trentini tra tardo antico e basso medioevo. Schede 1 , SAP Società Archeologica srl., Mantua 2013, ISBN 978-88-87115-77-2 .
- Sara Retrosi, Chiara Tozzi (ed.): Guide del Trentino. Valle dei Laghi e Alto Garda , Temi, Trento 2007, ISBN 88-89706-07-4 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Michele Dalba: Architetture medievali di Riva del Garda tra XII e XIII secolo , pp. 296-297
- ^ A b Elisa Possenti, Giorgia Gentilini, Walter Landi, Michela Cunaccia: APSAT 4. Castra, castelli e domus murate. Corpus dei siti fortificati trentini tra tardo antico e basso medioevo. Schede 1 p. 438
- ^ Sara Retrosi, Chiara Tozzi (ed.): Guide del Trentino. Valle dei Laghi e Alto Garda , p. 221
- ↑ Information on opening times and admission , accessed on September 25, 2017
photos
Southeast side
Belfry
Staircase
L'Anzolim, landmark of Riva del Garda
Historical photo with an onion tip
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