Toumba
The term Toumba (also toumpa ; plural Toumben ) is the name in archeology for a populated hill from the Bronze and Early Iron Ages in Macedonia .
etymology
The name is etymologically derived from the ancient Greek τύμβος , which literally translates as ›grave place‹ or ›burial mound‹ (cf. Anglo-Saxon tomb and Latin tumulus ).
definition
From an archaeological point of view, however, a Toumba is not - as was initially assumed - a rich burial mound, but the locus typicus of a settlement mound from the Bronze and Early Iron Ages (second millennium BC), as is often found in Macedonia in northern Greece .
Examples
- Toumba of Thessaloniki
- Toumba from Kastanas
- Toumba of Assiros
- Toumba from Hagios Elias , today's hill of Kalamaria
- Toumba by Axiochorion (Varderoftsa)
- Toumba from Agios Mamas
- Toumba from Gona
- Toumba of Tsaoutsitsa (Chauchitsa)
- Toumba Valoumenou at Chaironeia
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bernhard Hänsel (Ed.): Kastanas: Excavations in a settlement mound of the Bronze and Iron Ages of Macedonia, 1975-1979. The excavation and the building findings. Prehistoric Archeology in Southeast Europe, Vol. 7 (Part 1 and 2), 1989. Wissenschaftsverlag Volker Spiess, Berlin 1989. ISBN 3-89166-069-3
- ↑ Jung, Reinhard (1999): Turntable ceramics of the layers 19-11 of the Toumba of Kastanas in Macedonia in their cultural context. Published: Kastanas: The turntable ceramic of layers 19-11. Prehist. Arch. Südosteuropa 18 (Kiel 2001).
- ↑ http://artsweb.bham.ac.uk/aha/kaw/assiros//assirosindex.htm
- ↑ Horejs, Barbara: The hand-made ceramics of the Toumba from Olynth / Agios Mamas, Chalkidike (Greece), the late Bronze Age layers 13–1 and their position in Macedonia and neighboring cultural regions.