Truffle fly

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Truffle fly
Truffle Fly - Suillia tuberiperda.jpg

Truffle Fly ( Suillia tuberiperda )

Systematics
Superfamily : Sphaeroceroidea
Family : Barn flies (Heleomyzidae)
Subfamily : Suilliinae
Tribe : Suilliini
Genre : Suillia
Type : Truffle fly
Scientific name
Suillia tuberiperda
( Rondani , 1867)

The truffle fly ( Suillia tuberiperda ) is a fly from the family of heleomyzidae . Their larvae feed on the underground fruiting bodies of the truffles .

features

The truffle flies are about nine millimeters long. They have a reddish yellow head, the button and trunk are yellowish red. The thorax is brick-colored, the legs are yellow, from the third phalanx darker with increasing blackness. The metatarsi are long hairy behind. The pair of wings is transparent, however, with a brown cloudiness that condenses at the front edge and around the ends of the longitudinal veins, the transverse veins are lined with brown. The swinging bulbs are yellowish. The abdomen has few distinct dark posterior margins.

Occurrence

Truffle fly habitats are the places where the different types of truffle occur, that is, light forests with deciduous or coniferous trees. There they are most likely to be found in clearings, on the edge of the forest or on the edges of paths. There are around 30 species of real truffles from the genus Tuber (genus) in Europe . The symbiosis of the fungus with trees, with whose roots the fungus hyphae establish a connection, is important for the truffles to thrive. This symbiosis is called mycorrhiza . The hornbeam and various types of oak on lime gravel soils are considered particularly suitable . The truffle fly is common all over Europe in locations where there are also truffles.

Way of life

The females of the truffle fly first circle the spot where they perceived ripe truffle fruiting bodies in the ground via the odor of dimethyl sulfide that is characteristic of this mushroom . There they lay their eggs in the ground. After hatching, the larvae dig independently through the soil to the fruit tuber. This is usually only formed 10 to 20 centimeters below the surface. There the maggots dig feeding tunnels into the truffle bulbs. The fruiting bodies, which are often infested in large numbers by the truffle fly larvae, become inedible.

The truffle fly can be of use to truffle hunters. Their occurrence offers the opportunity to find the coveted mushrooms in nature. In addition to the truffle dog or the truffle pig or even without them, it can be determined where the mushrooms growing underground develop their fruiting bodies. The trufflers, as the mushroom pickers are called, regularly hit the forest floor with a stick or a whip to scare away the truffle flies. They then usually return to the place where they laid their eggs.

Systematics and taxonomy

The truffle fly Suillia tuberiperda 1867 from which Parma derived entomologists Camillo Rondani as Helomyza tuberiperda first described . The species name tuberiperda means something like "truffle spoilage".

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Leander Czerny: Monograph of the Helomyziden (Diptera). Treatises of the Zoological-Botanical Society in Vienna, Vol. XV, 1, 1924, p. 25.
  2. ↑ a b Brigitte Jeckelmann: The Lord of the Truffle Flies , Bieler Tagblatt , from December 24, 2018, accessed on July 25, 2019
  3. ↑ a b André Behr: The truffle plantation . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung , December 31, 2006. Retrieved July 2019. 
  4. ↑ Alex Stranig: Truffle hunting is also worthwhile in Austria . The standard, dated November 3, 2017, accessed July 25, 2019
  5. ↑ Suillia tuberiperda from Fauna Europaea, accessed on July 25, 2019
  6. ↑ NP Krivosheina: Macromycete Fruit Bodies as a Habitat for dipterans (Insecta, Diptera). Entomological Review, 88, 7, pp. 778-792, 2008, p. 779.
  7. ↑ Michael Schabacker: Truffle hunting with a fly swatter . Kulinariker, March 16, 2016, accessed July 25, 2019

literature

Web links