Training planning
Training planning summarizes all planning actions and systematic measures for the development of a sporting training up to the achievement of a certain training goal within a defined planning period. It is used in competitive and recreational sports. Sports performance is not only influenced by various factors in competitive sports . The individual factors make up the complex athletic performance. Depending on the sport , the individual components are weighted differently , but none of them may be disadvantaged or neglected. Not only conditional or technical / coordinative competencies are to be seen as a prerequisite for athletic performance or performance development, but the interaction of different parts in a closed complex is necessary for optimal performance. In addition, it must be taken into account that the training stimuli must be set in such a way that an increase in performance is enabled on the one hand through learning and on the other hand through supercompensation .
procedure
"Training planning is a method of predictive, systematic - based on practical training experience and sport-scientific knowledge - structuring of the (long-term) training process that is geared towards achieving a training goal and takes into account the individual performance status."
The creation of a training plan is part of the training control and can have the following sequence:
Current state analysis
The individual performance (strengths and weaknesses) is assessed in order to determine the initial situation. In competitive sports, methods of sports medical performance diagnostics are used, such as exercise EKGs, lactatergometry, spiroergometry, etc. Ä.
Training goal
When agreeing on goals, the purpose of the training and the period are determined. The objectives in competitive sports are, for example, increasing individual athletic performance or targeted training for a competition. In recreational sport, training is usually seen as a balance, to reduce stress or as a health-promoting measure.
Training plan creation
On the basis of the training goal and the analysis of the current situation, a training concept is created, which serves as a basic orientation for planning and designing the training. A planning period, the training content, resources and methods are determined by which the training goal is to be achieved. In competitive sports, the planning period consists of the preparation, competition and transition period. A systematic increase in performance is aimed for until the competition and more intensive training is planned. The transition period is used for regeneration and to maintain a certain basic performance. The scope of training or the duration, intensity and frequency depends on the individual performance. A feature of training planning is the continuous adaptation, the structure in time phases and the periodization of the athletic load.
Training control
The training control checks whether the desired training goal has been achieved. By analyzing the training documentation and the performance results, improvement potential for the next training plan can be obtained.
Training plan types
Different types of training plans can be distinguished depending on the target group and period.
Framework training plan
This is understood as the generalized guidelines of a professional association for the design of the training process for defined groups of athletes. It defines the essential tasks of a training year and the concrete preparations for the annual high point or high point.
Group training plan
This can be derived from the general training plan and is intended for groups with the same objectives and the same level of performance. The group training plan is used in the youth sector and in sports games. He includes:
- Information on the area of validity (training group) and period of validity
- Objectives for competitions
- Sub-goals for the various training sections or performance assessments
- Information on the periodization of the training
- Identification of the load and intensity areas
- Content, method and organizational guidelines for the training
Individual training plan
This includes all the essential measures for an individual athlete to achieve optimal performance. The goals, contents, means and methods of the training are recorded.
Multi-year training plan
This is the plan for designing the long-term training structure of an athlete. This includes several training levels or stages, such as basic, advanced and high-performance training.
Annual training plan
Determines how the training process for an athlete or a group should look for the respective training year and results from the multi-year plan. It includes the
- Training goals and priorities over the course of the year,
- Load planning,
- Competition planning (taking into account the setup, preparation and test competitions),
- Performance diagnosis,
- Evaluation planning.
Macro cycle training plan
This means a long-term training cycle in training planning. This can be a section of the training process lasting several months, with the aim of shaping defined development or expression phases of the athletic form up to top form.
Micro cycle training plan
Is also called a weekly training or operational plan and describes training sections lasting several days and lasting up to three weeks. The structure of the training load over the course of the week as well as the sequence and variation of the main tasks within the training units are defined. Days with increased or low stress and the sequence of the training methods and content are planned.
Training session plan
The individual exercise goals as well as the methods, content and resources of the individual training unit are described. He specifies the design of the warm-up program, the focus of the training unit and the end (the regeneration phase).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Fit for Fun : The Best Training Plan.Retrieved on: May 5, 2014.
- ↑ wikifit.de: Training plans - muscle building and fitness plans.Retrieved on: May 5, 2014.
- ↑ Arnd Krüger : How does block periodization work? Learning Curves and Super Compensation Curves: Special Features of Block Periodization. FD Snow. Specialized journal for skiing 32 (2014), 2, 22 - 33.
- ↑ Stephan Starischka: Study Letter coach Cologne Academy of DSB. Schorndorf 1988. page 7.
- ↑ Jürgen Weineck (2004): Optimales Training. Performance physiological training with special consideration of child and youth training. 14th edition. Balingen 2004. Pages 41–55.
- ↑ Jürgen Weineck (2004): Optimales Training. Performance physiological training with special consideration of child and youth training. 14th edition. Balingen 2004. Pages 41–55.
- ^ Günther Thieß / Günther Schnabel / Rainer Baumann: Training from AZ. Small dictionary for the theory and practice of sports training. Berlin 1980. page 180.
- ^ Günther Thieß / Günther Schnabel / Rainer Baumann: Training from AZ. Small dictionary for the theory and practice of sports training. Berlin 1980. page 180.
- ↑ wikifit.de : Macro cycle. Retrieved July 16, 2015.
- ↑ Jürgen Weineck (2004): Optimales Training. Performance physiological training with special consideration of child and youth training. 14th edition. Balingen 2004. page 43.
- ↑ Jürgen Weineck (2004): Optimales Training. Performance physiological training with special consideration of child and youth training. 14th edition. Balingen 2004. Pages 43–45.