Tresviri
Tresviri or Triumviri ( Latin literally "three men", singular tresvir or triumvir ) was the name in ancient Rome for a college that consisted of three magistrates who were responsible for a specific area of responsibility.
The
- Tresviri capitales (with police and law enforcement tasks)
and the
- Tresviri monetales ( mint master )
belonged to the Vigintisexviri , the group of entry offices for the senatorial office career ( cursus honorum ) .
In addition, there was Triumvirn as a temporary special commission for the establishment of colonies (Tresviri coloniae deducendae) or for the distribution of arable land to Roman citizens (Tresviri agris dandis adsignandis) . Such commissions (with the somewhat changed name Tresviri agris iudicandis adsignandis) were also set up during the Gracchian reform attempts .
The most famous associations of three men in late Republican times, which led to the general designation of such an alliance as a triumvirate , were the informal agreement between Gaius Iulius Caesar , Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus and Marcus Licinius Crassus in 60 BC. BC, later referred to as the "First Triumvirate", and the establishment of a three-person special magistrate in 43 BC. For Marcus Antonius , Octavian (the later Augustus ) and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus ("Second Triumvirate", formally Tresviri / Triumviri rei publicae constituendae "for the restoration of the Republic").
literature
- Loretana de Libero , Dietrich Klose: Tresviri. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 12/1, Metzler, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-476-01482-7 .