Trials

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Trialetien , ( English Trialetian ) is the name for a Upper Palaeolithic- Epipalaeolithic stone tool industry from an area south of the Caucasus and north of the Zagros . It was experimentally established between 14,000 / 11,000 and 6,000 BC. Assigned. The name of the archaeological culture goes back to sites in the Trialeti district in the Chrami Basin in southern Georgia. These sites include Barmaksyzkaya and Edzani-Zurtaketi, whereby in Edzani a significant proportion of the exclusively Upper Paleolithic artefacts consists of obsidian .

The Caucasian-Anatolian area of ​​Trialetia contrasts with the Iraqi-Iranian area of ​​the Zarzien in the east and south and that of the Levantine Natufia in the southwest. Overall, the culture is only moderately documented. On the other hand, recent excavations in the valley of the Qwirila , north of the Trialetia region, show a Mesolithic character. These groups were based on the hunt for Capra caucasica , wild boar, and brown bear.

literature

  • Olivier Aurenche, Philippe Galet, Emmanuelle Régagnon-Caroline, Jacques Évin: Proto-Neolithic and Neolithic Cultures in the Middle East - the Birth of Agriculture, Livestock Raising, and Ceramics: A Calibrated 14C Chronology 12, 500-5500 cal BC , in: Near East Chronology: Archeology and Environment. Radiocarbon 43.3 (2001) 1191-1202. ( online , PDF)
  • Stefan Karol Kozlowski: The Trialetian “Mesolithic” industry of the Caucasus, Transcaspia, Eastern Anatolia, and the Iranian Plateau . In: Stefan Karol Kozłowski, Hans Georg Gebel (Ed.): Neolithic chipped stone industries of the Fertile Crescent, and their contemporaries in adjacent regions. , Studies in Early Near Eastern Production, Subsistence and Environment 3, Berlin 1996, pp. 161–170.

supporting documents

  1. ↑ Anna Stolberg: Glossary In: 12,000 years ago in Anatolia. The oldest monuments of mankind , Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe (ed.), Stuttgart 2007, p. 375–377, here: p. 377.
  2. ^ Frédérique Brunet: Asie centrale: vers une redéfinition des complexes culturels de la fin du Pléistocène et des débuts de l'Holocène , in: Paléorient 28,2 (2002) 9-24.
  3. ↑ Nikolay I. Burchak-Abramovich, Oleg Grigor'evich Bendukidze: Fauna epipaleoliticheskoy stoyanki Zurtaketi , in: SANGSSR 55,3 (1969) 32-33.
  4. ↑ Karine Khristoforovna Kushnareva: The Southern Caucasus in Prehistory. Stages of Cultural and Socioeconomic Development from the Eighth to the Second Millennium BC , University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archeology, 1997, p. 9.
  5. ↑ According to Henri de Cotenson in: Syria, tomus 80, 2003, 270-271, here: p 271; Review of Marcel Otte (Ed.): Préhistoire d'Anatolie. Genèse de deux mondes. Actes du Colloque international, Liège, 28 avril-3 May 1997. Liège 1998.
  6. ^ Alan H. Simmons even considers them to be "very poorly documented" (Alan H. Simmons: The Neolithic Revolution in the Near East. Transforming the Human Landscape , University of Arizona Press, 2011, p. 53).
  7. ↑ Ofer Bar-Yosef : Upper palaeolithic hunter-gatherers in western Asia , in: Vicki Cummings, Peter Jordan, Marek Zvelebil (Eds.): The Oxford Handbook of the Archeology and Anthropology of Hunter-Gatherers , Oxford University Press, 2014, p 252-278, here: p. 265 f.

See also