Trope (philosophy)

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A trope (ger .: trope) called in philosophy a particularized property ( abstract Particular ). The term was in 1953 by Donald Cary Williams in the parlance of analytic philosophy introduced. For this concept there are a number of other, practically synonymous terms used in analytical philosophy: abstract particulars, individual properties, individual qualities, property instances.

Ontologies with tropics as a basic category consider themselves an alternative to nominalistic and realistic attempts to solve the problem of universals . If two objects have the same color, according to the tropical theory they contain numerically distinct but exactly the same color drops. Specific individual things are often viewed as a bundle of tropes. Like nominalistic ontologies, tropical theories reject the existence of multiply localized entities, i.e. universals.

The basic ideas of the tropical theory can be traced back to Aristotle . Also in the Logical Investigations of Edmund Husserl take a prominent place. In the current discussions within analytical ontology , the tropical theory has found many followers (Keith Campbell, Arda Denkel:, DW Mertz, John Bacon, Peter M. Simons, Kevin Mulligan, CB Martin, Donald C. Williams, GF Stout ). Campbell and LaBossiere explain the difference between universals and tropics using six peas, all of which are exactly the same shade of green. While in this case one and the same color universal “green” is instantiated six times for the universal realist, for the tropical theorist there are six green moments that are all exactly alike.

literature

  • DM Armstrong : Universals. An Opinionated Introduction , Boulder Colo./San Francisco / London 1989
  • J. Bacon: Universals and Property Instances. Alphabet of Being, Oxford 1995
  • G. Bergmann, Realism. A Critique of Brentano and Meinong, Madison Wise./Milwaukee Wise / London 1967
  • K. Campbell: Abstract Particulars, Oxford / Cambridge Mass. 1993
  • C. Daly, Tropes , Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 94: 253-261 (1994)
  • A. Fuhrmann: Tropes and Laws, Philos. Stud. 63 (1991), 57-82
  • J. Hoffmann / GS Rosenkrantz, Substance Among Other Categories , Cambridge University Press 1994
  • E. Husserl: Logical investigations , III, Halle 1900/1901
  • P. Simons: Particulars in Particular Clothing. Three Tropes Theories of Substance , Philos. Phenom. Res. 54: 553-575 (1994)
  • GF Stout: Are the Characteristics of Particular Things Universal or Particular? , Proc. Arist Soc. Suppl. 3: 114-122 (1923)
  • DC Williams: The Elements of Being , in: ders .: The Principles of Empirical Realism . Philosophical Essays, Springfield III / Fort Lauderdale Fla. 1966, 74-109
  • N. Wolterstorff: On Universals. An Essay in Ontology , Chicago / London 1970

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ DC Williams: On the Elements of Being , Review of Metaphysics 7: 3-18 & 171-192 (1953)
  2. ↑ After André Fuhrmann : Trope , in: Jürgen Mittelstraß (Ed.): Encyclopedia Philosophy and Philosophy of Science. 2nd Edition. Volume 8: Th - Z. Stuttgart, Metzler 2018, ISBN 978-3-476-02107-6 , p. 119
  3. ↑ Keith Campbell: Abstract Particulars , Oxford: Blackwell 1990
  4. ^ Arda Denkel: Object and Property , Cambridge UP (1996)
  5. ↑ DWMertz: Moderate Realism and Its Logic , Yale UP (1996)
  6. ↑ John Bacon: Universals and Property Instances: The Alphabet of Being , Oxford: Blackwell (1995)
  7. ↑ Peter M. Simons: Particulars in Particular Clothing: Three Trope Theories of Substance , PPR 54: 553-575 (1994)
  8. ↑ K. Mulligan & P. ​​Simons & B. Smith: Truth Makers . In: LB Puntel (Ed.): The concept of truth , Darmstadt: Wiss. Buchges., 210-255 (1987)
  9. ^ CB Martin: Substance Substantiated , AJP 58: 3-10 (1980)
  10. ↑ DC Williams: On the Elements of Being , Review of Metaphysics 7: 3-18 & 171-192 (1953)
  11. ^ GF Stout: The Nature of Universals and Propositions , British Academy Lecture, Oxford UP (1921)
  12. ↑ Keith Campbell: Abstract Particulars , Oxford: Blackwell (1990), p. 2; Michael C. LaBossiere: "Substances and Substrata", AJP 72: 360-370 (1994)