Drip image method

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The drip image method (formerly known as the drop image method ) is an anthroposophical method for examining water, aqueous solutions and mixtures with regard to an additional hydromorphological quality assessment that supplements the chemical analysis , which was developed by the flow and water researcher Theodor Schwenk (1910–1986). Together with the round filter chromatography (chroma test), the copper chloride crystallization (biocrystallization) and the rising image method, it is counted among the image-creating methods .

Procedure

A thin layer (1.1 mm) of a mixture of the water sample and 12.5% ​​glycerine is repeatedly stimulated to flow under standardized laboratory conditions by drops of distilled water falling in regularly (every 5 seconds) and photographed. The images are morphologically evaluated according to the occurrence of different types of flow forms . The method was first published by Theodor Schwenk in 1967 and has since been further developed, standardized and validated (photo examples: Web link " Institute for Flow Sciences ").

application

With the drip image method, a characteristic movement behavior of different waters can be represented in flow images, which, for example, show differences between polluted surface water (especially with surface-active substances such as surfactants) and in this respect unpolluted surface water. Objectively, the resulting images depend in particular on changes in the surface tension and the viscosity of the water sample due to the substances dissolved in it. With this method, the movement behavior of drinking water samples is compared with that of groundwater of perfect quality according to DIN 2000.

The drip image method is not an analytical method. They cannot identify chemical substances. It is used to measure the ability of a water to flow with a rich variety of shapes, which is understood as an independent quality aspect which, in addition to analytical investigations, is intended to make a contribution to a positive definition of quality.

The drip image method is not part of the official drinking water test, but is used in individual cases. Further applications can be found so far in the anthroposophically oriented agriculture, drinking water treatment and pharmaceutical production. There are currently laboratories using this method in Germany, the Netherlands and the United States (see web link).

swell

  1. ↑ Dittmar Jahnke: Morphological typing of drop image experiments and drop images . Sensibles Wasser 2 , Herrischried 1993, ISBN 3-931719-01-4
  2. ↑ Dittmar Jahnke: Morphological distinguishing features for the evaluation of water quality studies with the drop image method . Sensibles Wasser 2 , Herrischried 1993, ISBN 3-931719-01-4
  3. ^ Theodor Schwenk: Forms of movement of water . Stuttgart 1967
  4. ↑ Andreas Wilkens, Michael Jacobi, Wolfram Schwenk: The experimental technique of the drip image method - documentation and instructions . Sensibles Wasser 5 , Herrischried 2000, ISBN 3-931719-04-9
  5. ↑ a b Andreas Grohmann: Positive definition of drinking water , chap. 10.7.6 in Karl Höll: water, use in the cycle, hygiene, analysis and evaluation . 8th edition, pp. 727-728. Berlin - New York 2002, ISBN 3-11-012931-0
  6. ↑ Heinz-Michael Peter: The flow behavior of the water in the biological self-cleaning section of the Black Forest stream Mettma. Investigations with the drop image method in comparison with biological, chemical and physical parameters . With a foreword by Prof. Dr. Jürgen Schwoerbel (University of Konstanz), Sensibles Wasser 4 , Herrischried 1994. ISBN 3-931719-03-0
  7. ↑ In DIN 2000, among other things, the quality model for drinking water is defined: " The requirements for drinking water quality must be based on the properties of a groundwater of perfect quality extracted from sufficient depth and after passage through sufficiently filtering layers, which is taken from the natural water cycle and not in any way was impaired. "DIN 2000 Central drinking water supply - Guidelines for drinking water, planning, construction, operation and maintenance of plants . Beuth-Verlag, Berlin 2000
  8. ↑ Dittmar Jahnke: Long-term groundwater investigations with the drop image method. Contribution with the drop image method to the drinking water quality model of DIN 2000. Comparison of hydrochemical analysis data and test results of the drop image method . Sensibles Wasser 3 , Herrischried 1994, ISBN 3-931719-02-2
  9. ^ Klaus Lindner, Dietrich Maier, Hartwig Steusloff (Ed.): What is good drinking water? , Fraunhofer IOSB Karlsruhe 2015, p. 17, ISBN 978-3-8396-0961-3

literature

  • Andreas Wilkens, Michael Jacobi, Wolfram Schwenk: Learning to understand water . Exhibition catalog, Herrischried 1995, ISBN 3-931719-05-7
  • Dittmar Jahnke: Morphological typing of drop image tests and drop images . Morphological distinguishing features for the evaluation of water quality studies with the drop image method . Sensibles Wasser 2 , Herrischried 1993, ISBN 3-931719-01-4
  • Andreas Wilkens, Michael Jacobi, Wolfram Schwenk: The experimental technique of the drip image method - documentation and instructions . Sensibles Wasser 5 , Herrischried 2000, ISBN 3-931719-04-9 .
  • Wolfram Schwenk (ed.): Steps to the positive characterization of water as a life mediator . Selected texts from 40 years of water research using the drip image method . Sensibles Wasser 6 , Herrischried 2001, ISBN 3-931719-06-5
  • Howard J. Smith: A Study of Some of the Parameters Involved in the Drop Picture Method . Max Planck Institute for Fluid Dynamics Göttingen, report 111/1974
  • Howard J. Smith: The Hydrodynamic and Physico-Chemical Basis of the Drop Picture Method . Max Planck Institute for Fluid Dynamics Göttingen, Report 8/1975
  • Dietrich Rapp and Peter EM Schneider: The drop image as an expression of harmonious currents in thin layers . Max Planck Institute for Fluid Dynamics Göttingen, report 102/1974
  • Peter EM Schneider: Six instability phases of a ring vortex as the basis for a classification of SCHWENK's drop images . Max Planck Institute for Fluid Dynamics Göttingen, report 9/1976
  • Peter EM Schneider: The drop image method and its application in monitoring the quality of water and other liquid foods . Max Planck Institute for Fluid Dynamics Göttingen, report 118/1979
  • Peter EM Schneider: The ring vortex metamorphosis as the basis of the implosion of cavitation bubbles, SCHWENK's drop image method and water jet cutting . Max Planck Institute for Fluid Dynamics Göttingen, report 13/1980

see also article: Institute for Flow Sciences

Web links