Substructure
In the building industry, substructure refers to the structural elements that support the actual structure or component , the superstructure or superstructure . They are generally used to prepare flat and stable surfaces, and to absorb the loads ( loads from dead weight and payload ) and mechanical movements of the superstructure and to distribute them to the subsoil, for frost protection and similar purposes.
Specifically, for example, one describes the substructure:
- In the case of buildings, the foundation and the base layer in general , but also the frost box and other structural elements
- the artificially created parts of the route of a traffic route , with which, above all, the large unevenness of the terrain is compensated (ramps, dams, terrain cuts, bridges)
- on railway lines, it serves as the basis for the superstructure with tracks and track bed
- In the case of roads, it serves as the basis of the road superstructure and is carried out where the subsoil is not stable enough or the altitude must be adjusted; he receives a